... powers' refusal to allow modifications. Obama had further success in June 2010, when the UN Security Council imposed new sanctions on Iran. In addition, the United States and the European Union imposed sanctions of their own. Whatever happens in the future, Iran does not seem ready to give up its nuclear...

... attention in the wake of two major diplomatic crises in 2010: a flotilla incident—when the ship the Mavi Marmara , owned by a Turkish nonprofit organization, was boarded by the Israeli military while on the way to Gaza with aid—and Turkey’s “no” vote at the UN Security Council on sanctions against Iran...

... sanctions and the lure of economic incentives. Thus the Libyan case, far from supporting a military approach to “rogue states,” in fact argues for a patient policy of diplomacy and economic carrots and sticks. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2009 Randall Newnham is professor of political science at Penn...

... capability provides leverage for both powers. It is incumbent on the United States to intervene as a third-power mediator, rather than as leader of sanctions against Iran, in order to maintain a stable balance of power in the Middle East. This position would represent a genuine resetting of US foreign policy...

... by suc- cessfully seeking and obtaining multilateral measures—arms embargoes and limited economic and travel sanctions—against Libya under UN aus- pices. In 1996, the U.S. Congress took steps beyond those of the executive branch to compel Libya...

... cancellation of the S-300 surface-to- air missile contract with Iran, Russia’s 2010 support for United Nations Secu- rity Council sanctions directed against Iran, and its ongoing efforts to bring Iran back to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) supervisory framework.1 Is this optimism...

... they stand. However defective it may have been, there was something resembling a policy for the first year or two. We were fixated on getting rid of Saddam, damn the consequences, and selected sanctions as the mechanism. They were to make life totally...

..., should not be seen as a turning point in the relations between Washington and Tehran. Iran has remained under severe US sanctions. In November 2016, with an overwhelming majority, Con- gress passed a resolution to renew the sanctions on trade, energy, security, and banking sectors for another ten...

... the April 2006 report to the United Nations Security Council by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on whether Iran has begun to convert uranium yellow­ cake into UF-4, leading to a bomb-making fuel cycle. US officials know that China can help or hinder their effort to impose sanctions...

... Studies 17, no. 1 (1995): 68 – 70. 8. “Ukraine May Block All Transit from Russia in Sanctions Row,” RT, 8 August 2014, www.rt .com/business/178988-­russia-­ukraine-­gas-­transit/. 9. US Energy Information Administration, “Ukraine,” updated September 2015, www.eia.gov/beta /international...

... the Obama administration’s hard-­line policy toward Teh- ran, especially the US drive to impose additional economic sanctions, both unilaterally and through the United Nations.3 Instead, Ankara advocated a more robust diplomatic effort to resolve the nuclear crisis. When the United States...

... to a devastating war and an austere sanctions regime punctuated intermittently by crises; the militarization of the Kurdish problem in Turkey; and the slaughter of tens of thousands of innocents in nightmarish civil conflicts in Algeria and Sudan. This period has...

... fallen in recent years. The main reason is international sanctions. Iran has been under various kinds of sanctions since the 1979 revolution. These sanctions have been fur- ther tightened in due to intense concerns over Tehran’s nuclear program. In 12. Ibid., 4. 13. BP, BP Statistical...

..., and the Russian approach to Iraq was equally complex. After the 1990 war, Russia concluded that neither the defeat of the Iraqi army nor long-term sanctions changed the character of the regime, weakened the position of Saddam himself, strengthened the security of Iraq’s neighbors (including Israel...

... American actions toward Iranian officials. There is, however, unlikely to be any letup in American pressure on the UN to deepen the sanctions on Iran. Cheney’s bellicose approach to Iran, articulated on several occasions, including in May 2007 from the deck of the carrier USS John C. Stennis...

... have put an end to the brutal sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia, which have caused far more civilian deaths than were caused in Kosovo by Serbian guns. The international community, including all major institutions, must show that in Europe the power...

... try to stop them. In March 2005, at a conference on nuclear energy in Paris, former president Hashemi Rafsanjani blamed the US sanctions and European trade restrictions for his country’s going to the black market to purchase what it needed in nuclear materials. He pointed out that Americans...

... of Western corporate evil in Sudan. It was in response to these realities that the House of Representatives passed the Sudan Peace Act with provision for capital market sanctions against oil companies like Talisman Energy. Such sanctions offered a potent means of bringing U.S. capital market leverage...

... sanctions had already critically damaged that infrastructure and created a major civilian humanitarian crisis, which we have now inherited. U.S. war aims, and the conduct of the war, have produced a radically differ- ent and still-evolving political situation in Iraq. Iraqis hated Saddam much more...

... adoption of resolution 1173. It is important to note that for decades UNITA had been involved in illicit trade in diamonds to fi nance its large-scale conventional wars. UNITA violated the sanctions by increasing its involvement in the illicit trade in diamonds with the complicity...