... Division,Romanian Ministry of National Defense. Bridging the Gap in Civil-Military Relations in Southeastern Europe: Romania’s Defense-Planning Case George Cristian Maior and Mihaela Matei The purpose of this study is to analyze and assess what...

...Ilia Xypolia This essay draws on archival documents to explore the British Empire's plans for establishing a university in the eastern Mediterranean in the 1930s. The British possessions in the region were at stake in the aftermath of the First World War. Since the early 1930s the Foreign Office...

... the fears and criticisms expressed at the time and the complex of events and processes that followed, the decisions affecting Cyprus, Turkey, and Greece at the Helsinki Council reflected a degree of “Europeanization” of a conflict situation. It is also argued that the contents of the Annan Plan for Cyprus’s...

... development model rooted in decentralization to situations with powerful regional implications: in Iraq, Palestine, and the Western (Moroccan) Sahara. The engine for sustainable human development depends on local communities and neighborhoods identifying, planning, and implementing the socioeconomic...

... the end of World War II, discussion never resulted in a concrete or realistic plan. The reasons for this emphatic failure can be found in the political complexities of the European structure and in the difficulties of implementing such a challenging plan. The European Common Security and Defense Concept...

...Mohamed A. El-Khawas The essay examines Bush's strategies to democratize Iraq. Failure to draft a plan for Iraq's stabilization led to costly mistakes that drove many Sunnis to join insurgent groups, fueling sectarian strife. Holding multiparty elections was a major accomplishment, but it did...

...Mohamed El-Khawas Egypt’s revolution has produced odd results. President Hosni Mubarak was replaced in 2011 by the military, which plans to stay in office until 2013. The interim government has been trying to reconcile the differing demands of young revolutionaries and emerging political parties...

...Kenneth B. Moss The planned deployment of ballistic missile defense systems in Poland and a radar system in the Czech Republic to defend against possible attack from Iran has stirred strong opposition from Moscow. Concern about Iran's nuclear-enrichment program is legitimate, but the United States...

... future differ according to the group, and the task is further complicated by authoritarian regimes and inefficient state planning. J. E. Peterson is a historian and political analyst focusing on the contemporary Arabian Peninsula and Arab Gulf. He has taught in various American universities and served...

... to the international community only twice: in 1958, prior to the conclusion of the agreements for Cypriot independence, and in 2004, when the Annan Plan was rejected by the Greek-Cypriot community. This failure of the Greek side should be attributed to a combination of maximalism, lack of accurate assessments...

... to the rise of religious extremism, and he persuaded the United States to propose a power-sharing plan. In 2007, Musharraf got himself re-elected by the outgoing parliament, an election subsequently challenged in court. In November, he declared a state of emergency and dismissed Supreme Court justices whom he...

... across the Mediterranean have remained in an embryonic stage at best. A review of foreign policy priorities of the riparian states reveals a divergence in agenda setting, with either EU membership or subregional affairs dominating the foreign policy strategic planning. There is little to indicate...

...Yossef Ben-Meir King Mohammed VI of Morocco has announced a national regionalization plan that includes the Western Sahara. Morocco's intention is to regionalize (or, essentially, decentralize) decision-making authority and management in socioeconomic development, political affairs, the judicial...

... to then UN secretary-general Pérez de Cuéllar’s newfound interest in settling the dispute. By 1990, Pérez de Cuéllar had convinced the Security Council that both sides had agreed “in principle” to a settlement proposal based on a plan that the Organization for African Unity (OAU) had been hammering...

... for the aspirant countries willing to embrace Western democratic values of governance. In order to assist the aspirant states and to evaluate their progress, NATO launched a member- ship action plan that required, among other things, the establishment of a democratic civil-military pattern. The reform process...

... were bent on deciding, on self-serving grounds, the very nature of Cyprus’s postoccupation regime. Their main instrument was the Annan Plan, named after United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan, coupled with skillful propaganda and asphyx- iating political, economic, and diplomatic...

... on a United Nations – proposed but highly controversial and complicated plan for the settlement of the Cyprus question. The Turkish Cypriot community accepted the plan; the Greek Cypriot community rejected it. Second, in May 2004 Cyprus joined the EU. Politically as well as strategi- cally...

... so ever since. The process of Cyprus joining the European Union in 1998 led to a series of UN-­sponsored negotiations between the Greek-­Cypriot and Turkish-­ Cypriot communities. Known as the Annan Plan, these were intended to reunite the island prior to Cyprus becoming a full member...

... community, led by United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan, made a serious effort to promote a solution. The so-called Annan Plan, introduced in late 2002, pro- posed to “reunite” the Greek- and Turkish-Cypriot communities on the island through a complex confederation between them, subject...

... to promote a solution. The so-called Annan Plan, introduced in late 2002, pro- posed to “reunite” the Greek- and Turkish-Cypriot communities on the island through a complex confederation between them, subject to approval by the voters on both sides. But the Greek Cypriots voted down the plan in the 24...