... conservative states, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, played prominent roles in the implementation of the Eisenhower Doctrine, yet while US policymakers were eager to mold King Saud bin Abdulaziz al-Saud into a regional leader, they were decidedly ambivalent toward the ambitions of the Hashemite regime in Iraq...

... Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” (FYROM), it revealed its irredentist aspirations and a furious wave of hatred against Greece (which owns 75 percent of King Philip's Macedonia). Claiming that its Slavic inhabitants are “Macedonians,” FYROM's ultranationalist administration is determined to continue stirring...

...Yossef Ben-Meir King Mohammed VI of Morocco has announced a national regionalization plan that includes the Western Sahara. Morocco's intention is to regionalize (or, essentially, decentralize) decision-making authority and management in socioeconomic development, political affairs, the judicial...

... management of state bureaucracies, and often compete with one another for influence. In other words, dynastic monarchies are ruled directly by royal families. In linchpin monarchies, on the other hand, the king’s political engagement is typically limited to overseeing the country’s political-­strategic...

... expression of the will of the peoples of the territory.2 The advice proved moot; Morocco ignored it. On 6 November 1975, when the leader of Spain, Francisco Franco, lay seriously ill, King Hassan II of Morocco organized the so-called Green March, by which he...

.... The Kingdom of Morocco, since the accession of King Mohammed VI in 1999, has incorpo- rated principles of decentralized management and human development in its national and local programs, charters, and strategies. Increasingly, Morocco is suggested as a model for successful progress in the Arab...

... Nikolaos A. Stavrou On 7 April 1939, Good Friday, an armada of Italian warships and troop car- riers surprised the inhabitants of three Albanian ports, Durrës, Vlorë, and Sarandë. Benito Mussolini had had enough of His Majesty King Zog I...

... characteristics that helped persuade King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) to grant an oil concession to Standard Oil of California (Socal, now Chevron) in 1933. Suspicious of Europeans, he believed that Americans were interested solely in commercial dealings and not in using the conces- sion as a means of promoting...

... was settled around 1450 by the Efik and was incorporated within the political framework of the Kingdom of Old Cala- bar. On 10 September 1884, Britain signed a treaty of protection with the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar. As was their practice, the British used this treaty as justification to exercise...

... of interest. The most prominent concerned King Abdullah of Transjordan’s aspiration to annex Palestine to his own territory, an aim that was opposed by all the other Arab nations, who made extensive efforts throughout the 1948 war to thwart this objective. In addition to working to prevent...

... and King of Spain, the preeminent early modern ruler upon whose empire the sun was said never to set. The Turkish advance in the Balkans, however, cast a shadow over Charles’s ter- ritories. In the autumn of 1521, Ottoman forces captured the fortresses of Sabac and Belgrad, thereby securing...

...), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, the preeminent early modern ruler upon whose empire the sun was said never to set. The Turkish advance in the Balkans, however, cast a shadow over Charles’s ter- ritories. In the autumn of 1521, Ottoman forces captured the fortresses of Sabac and Belgrad...

...- ranean were Ottoman lakes. In the volatile Great Power politics of the day, the sultan’s principal rival for power and influence in southern and southeastern Europe was the Habsburg ruler Charles V (ruling from 1519 to 1556), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, the preeminent early modern ruler...

... Copyright 2006 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 92 Mediterranean Quarterly: Fall 2006 his credentials to King Paul at his summer palace on the island of Corfu, until 1 February 1962, when he departed Greece. As this article will dem- onstrate, Briggs, although one of the US Foreign Service’s most...

... to Turkish companies in return for fuel imports.”26 King Abdullah’s Visits to Turkey Saudi Arabia King Abdullah’s visit to Turkey from 8 to 11 August 2006 served to highlight some of the potential divergences between the two countries’ geo- political strategies, especially toward Iran...

... availability of translations of the Bible that some persons in the West began to subscribe to the notion that the power of kings was not abso- lute,b that it was constrained by the law. Thus, only after it had been seeded y the writings of the ancient Greeks and the ancient Hebrews did Western thinking...

... The Macedonian kings (for example, Perdikkas and Philip) had extensive 18. Stephanos of Byzantium wrote in AD 528 – 545, based on accounts from ancient writers, that the thirty most important towns were inhabited by Illyrians, but two hundred Corinthians moved there. Strabo (8.32.3) also speaks...

... tensions, and serves only to empower the legitimacy of the rul- 1. The “Shiite Crescent” includes Iran, the Shiite factions in Iraq, the Baath regime in Syria, and the Lebanese Hezbollah. The term was first used by King Abdullah II of Jordan in 2004. See Robin Wright and Peter Baker, “Iraq, Jordan...

... will then examine the structure of the recent proposals and the antagonists’ reactions to the proposals and fi nally will attempt to explain why the UN has pursued this unfruitful tack. The Failed Referendum In late October 1975, King Hassan of Morocco ordered an invasion of the Spanish...

... as Europeans drew boundaries in the African territories, which they acquired by conquest, occupation, treaties with African rulers (kings, chiefs, and sultans), or purchase.4 They first made claims to the ter- ritories and delimited boundaries afterward.5 This process progressed at faster speed in West...