...Ahmet Içduygu Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2004 Ahmet Içduygu is professor of international relations at the College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul. Demographic Mobility and Turkey: Migration Experiences and Government Responses...

... Provisions of the Ottoman/ Turkish Governments Regarding Minorities and Their Properties Anastasia Lekka In this essay I explore the enactment of legislative measures by the Turkish or Ottoman authorities, which sought to regulate minority affairs...

... Islamic Governance in Algeria and Sudan: A Fading Quest for a Model? Giampaolo Calchi Novati and Stefano Bellucci Using a political and historical approach, we seek to review in this essay the development of an Islamic...

...Murat Akser The relationship between Turkish media conglomerates and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government has shown increased conflict since 2009. The AKP, under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has displayed increasing fear of and suspicion toward Turkey's liberal media...

...Nadine Mourad Sika This essay examines the structural economic reform measures undertaken in the Arab world in the past two decades. Developmental projects in the region have attained growth in gross domestic product, higher levels of human capital, and stable governments. These, however, have been...

... in which governance takes place, and it is assessed through the rule of law, accountability, and participation and competition. Result refers to the overall quality of government performance and citizen satisfaction. Content involves the quality of the substance of governance. Using diverse indices...

...Ivan Eland War frequently leads to large increases in taxes, regulation, and government spending—both for the military and ostensibly unrelated domestic programs. Conservatives should not ignore that war is the most prominent cause, directly or indirectly, of the massive welfare state that has been...

.... The cases of Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Angola should be vivid reminders to Cameroon’s government of how a lack of political will can result in damaging political instability. In Sierra Leone, there was no structured governmental regulatory regime for diamond explora- tion...

...Constantine P. Danopoulos This essay explores and assesses the connection between accountability and the quality of democracy in modern Greece along three key dimensions: vertical, horizontal, and social. Vertical involves elected officials and the three branches of government; horizontal deals...

...Olusegun Obasanjo This essay by Olusegun Obasanjo, former president of Nigeria, examines the challenges (AIDS, poverty, and governance) and opportunities (receptive investment climate, increasing democratization process, and a new framework for development) that African countries must deal...

...Mohamed El-Khawas Egypt’s revolution has produced odd results. President Hosni Mubarak was replaced in 2011 by the military, which plans to stay in office until 2013. The interim government has been trying to reconcile the differing demands of young revolutionaries and emerging political parties...

... Workers Party (PKK) guerrillas ensconced in the Kandil Mountains of northern Iraq. The essay concludes that the landslide victory of the AKP allows the government to once again focus its efforts on gaining admittance to the EU and the necessary reforms to achieve that status. The fact that DTP candidates...

...Geoffrey Wright The attempt of the Georgian government to reform and restructure its military forces in the past ten years demonstrates the difficulty of conducting Western-style defense reform in postconflict states, which have not seen a formal end to armed conflict. Western-style reforms were...

... factions in Bosaso, Somalia, in 1998. In February 2000, the Inter- Governmental Authority on Development approved a peace plan proposed by the government of Djibouti. In May 2000, the Somali Reconciliation Confer- ence opened in Arta, Djibouti, in which four hundred delegates took part for several...

... Council (EAPC), a group formed in 1997 and which now numbers fifty “partner” governments. EAPC is the successor to the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. (The NACC was created as an adjunct to NATO six years earlier in the first flush of post–Cold War Europe.) Among EAPC partners are not only eleven far...

...Richard Weitz Relations between Russia and Turkey continue to deepen. This change from Cold War–era animosity began even before the advent of the new Turkish government led by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) but has accelerated since then. The leaders of both countries meet frequently...

...Shalendra D. Sharma What began as a downturn in the US housing sector in summer 2007 mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008—the most severe since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Initially, Western European governments, including the Russian government, blamed the crisis...

... Abidine Ben Ali’s regime, new political parties were established and free and fair multiparty elections were held, a giant step forward in the march toward democracy. The economy continues to be a deep source of discontent, however. Youth blame the government’s inaction for continued unemployment...

... of Syria have been hard to watch. Several thousand innocent people perished between the eruption of resistance to Assad’s regime in March 2011 and the beginning of 2013, with no end in sight. There is little doubt that government forces were responsible for the majority of deaths. The prospect that Assad...

... as Yugoslavia disintegrated. However, this victory came at a price. Schengen countries worried that the lifting of the visa barrier would trigger a flood of illegal workers and asylum seekers from Kosovo. The Serbian government, which considers Kosovo to be an autonomous province, had to come up...