...William S. Shepard Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2002 William S. Shepard, an attorney and retired U.S. Foreign Service officer,served as national security adviser to Senator Robert Dole from 1982 to 1983. From 1983 to 1985, he was U.S. consul general in Bordeaux. The ETA...

... accord with the Basque separatist organization ETA and its willingness to accommodate and integrate North African diaspora communities have floundered. Faced with repeated terrorist attacks and plots, the socialists have reversed course and have moved decisively toward a more draconian law enforcement...

... problems created by the Basque terrorist group ETA (Euskadi ta Askata- suna) with those posed by Islamist al Qaeda affiliates in Spain. Though diminished by ETA’s 22 March 2006 announcement of a “per- manent cease-fire,” Basque and Islamist terror groups continue to compro- mise Spanish security. ETA...

.... In 1959, young Basque activists created Euskadi Ta Akatasuna (ETA), a leftist group that has used terrorism to try to achieve independence for the region. (ETA declared a “permanent cease-fire” in March 2006 but has refused to discuss disarming itself.) Other important political entities are C...

.... In 1959, young Basque activists created Euskadi Ta Akatasuna (ETA), a leftist group that has used terrorism to try to achieve independence for the region. (ETA declared a “permanent cease-fire” in March 2006 but has refused to discuss disarming itself.) Other important political entities are C...

... in the Basque region is the Partido Nation- alista Vasco (PNV), which characterizes itself as a moderate nationalistic party and favors autonomy for the Basques but opposes violence. In 1959, young Basque activists created Euskadi Ta Akatasuna (ETA), a leftist group that has used terrorism to try...

... (Basque Homeland and Liberty, better known as ETA), the armed branch of the Basque sepa- ratist movement, has imposed a veritable reign of terror upon the Spanish people.7 It was launched in a spectacular fashion with the assassination of Franco’s prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco in 1973, a bold...

... and surveillance of Islamist militants in Spain.10 There was, in effect, a sharp disconnect between the nature of the threat and the secu- rity effort deployed to foil Islamist terror attacks. Most of Spain’s intelligence assets had been directed at fi ghting the Basque terror organization ETA...

... of Democ- ratization in Spain (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 25–30. Encarnación: The Politics of Immigration: Why Spain Is Different 179 ter known as ETA), the armed branch of the Basque separatist movement, has made Spain the epicenter for domestic terrorism in all...

... the Basque terrorist organization Evskadi ta Askatsuna (better known by its acronym, ETA).17 Given the repeated references made by al Zawahiri for the need to liberate Andalucía, Ceuta, and Melilla from Spanish control, Spain increasingly finds 14. Vidino. 15. Ibid. 16. Anthony Celso...

... the United States. Indeed, that al Qaeda is no longer central to the war on terror- ism is evidenced by the fact that the Basque separatist movement ETA has been added to the list of organizations that the Bush administration is taking financial...

... societies and systems of government did not prevent the emergence of terror organizations such as the German Baader-Meinhof Group, Spain’s ETA, the Red Brigades in Italy, and the Red Army in Japan. Conversely, the absence of democracy and democratic values in a number of other countries did not have...

... that day Western European countries had grown used to terrorism, albeit of a different nature. The Irish Republican Army, the Basque separat- ist group ETA, the Red Army Faction, and the Bader Meinhoff Gang never produced anything like the spectacular mass terror of 11 September. Before 11 March, when...

.... Intranational wars that rose in the 1990s flared on through the next decade, including new ones in the wake of the once-­hopeful Arab Spring. Nonstate actors grew from localized terror groups like the Euskadi Ta Aska- tasuna (ETA) in Spain or Shining Path in Peru to global networks of violent ideologues...

... Quarterly: Summer 2008 Dubai investors continued to show strong interest in Turkey into the first months of 2007. In mid-January, during a visit to Turkey, Abd Junayd, the CEO of Dubai’s ETA real estate conglomerate, announced that his company was investing $100 million in construction and real...

... relatively recently, since 9/11, did the EU concretely try to approach terrorism in a coordinated way, setting aside the previous perception of it as a domestic issue both for European countries (for example, the Red Brigades in Italy or Euskadi Ta Askatasuna [ETA] in Spain) and for SMCs (as in mid...

... Turkey to recognize the PKK as the sole representative of Turkey’s Kurds, the PKK and its affiliates note the recognition by Spain and Britain of the ETA and IRA as worthy negotiation partners. The DTP’s European representative, Faik Yagizay, has condemned as “hypocritical” the EU’s failure...