...Jonathan M. Kerman; Kathryn L. Wood Iran’s historical flirtation with democracy has been one of thwarted desires. The 1906 Constitutional Revolution introduced the concepts of liberal democracy to Iranian society, but success was limited by the lack of support from the ulama (clergy). After decades...

... School of Advanced International Studies. Encarnación Omar G. : Democracy without Justice in Spain: The Politics of Forgetting . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press , 2014 . 249 pages . ISBN 978-0-8122-4568-4 . $65 (hardcover). Copyright 2015 by Mediterranean Affairs...

...Constantine P. Danopoulos This essay explores and assesses the connection between accountability and the quality of democracy in modern Greece along three key dimensions: vertical, horizontal, and social. Vertical involves elected officials and the three branches of government; horizontal deals...

... O'Donnell and Laurence Whitehead in the 1980s. The departing point of this comparative approach is a case unknown to many: the ill-fated 1973 Greek attempt at self-transformation, known as “the Markezinis experiment” after Spyros Markezinis, who assumed the task of bringing the country to democracy...

... Musharraf to resign, but more steps are needed to complete the transition to a true democracy. Mohamed A. El-Khawas is professor of history and political science at the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC. Copyright 2009 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2009 Musharraf...

...Petros Vamvakas The global financial crisis of 2009–2010 has further underscored the demise of social democracy as a legitimate political alternative, for example, due to an absence of a clearly articulated alternative approach to the crisis offered by Social Democratic parties, even though...

... more complicated. Copyright 2011 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2011 Antonis Klapsis is an adjunct lecturer of modern and contemporary history in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Peloponnese. From Dictatorship to Democracy: US...

...David Binder Harold H. Tittmann III: The Waldheim Affair: Democracy Subverted . Dunkirk, New York: Olin Frederick, Inc., 2000. 129 pages. ISBN 0-9672357-4-X. $22.95. David Binder is a retired Washington, D.C.-based correspondent for the New York Times . Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2002...

...Omar G. Encarnación Omar G. Encarnación is associate professor and director of the political studies program at Bard College. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2004 Democracy and Federalism in Spain Omar G. Encarnación In recent years, interest...

...Kevin K. Frank 2006 Kevin K. Frank is a captain in the US Navy. He served as the senior military intelligence officer in Afghanistan in 2004 and returned to Afghanistan for the elections of September 2005. Democracy and Economics in Afghanistan: Is the Cart...

...Sol Schindler Thomas Carothers and Marina Ottaway, editors: Uncharted Journey:Promoting Democracy in the Middle East . Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005. 300 pages. $24.95 paperback. ISBN:0-87003-211-9. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2005 Sol Schindler...

...: The West Brings “Democracy” to Bosnia Ted Galen Carpenter With the signing of the Dayton Accords in November 1995, the Western powers committed themselves not only to help bring peace to Bosnia but to help build a viable...

...John Brademas Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2001 John Brademas is president emeritus of New York University and chairman of the National Endowment for Democracy. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1959 to 1981, the last four years as majority whip. This essay was adapted...

...Mohamed El-Khawas Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2001 Mohamed El-Khawas is a professor at the University of the District of Columbia. He is the author of several books and numerous articles on Africa. MQ 12.3-06 El-Khawas 7/20/01 11:25 AM Page 85 Democracy...

...Constantine P. Danopoulos This essay assesses participation and competition in the quality of democracy in Greece. Theoretically, the quality of democracy is assessed in three interrelated dimensions: procedure, result, and content. Procedure encompasses the character and working of the environment...

... culture is closely related to the consolidation of democracy, the change in value orientations sustaining democracy would be an indicator showing the extent of societal Europeanization in Turkey. Based on the World Values Survey, changes in secular-rational and self-expression value orientations...

...Sultan Tepe Many of the urban renewal projects (URPs) in consolidating democracies are not market-led projects but rather projects initiated by the state and implemented by the private sector. Promising to improve urban poor regions with URPs poses unique challenges and opportunities to residents...

... to note that the ongoing democratization in this region is transitional and tentative at best, and there is a looming threat that the old power structure will superimpose itself again. There is a need to understand concepts of democracy from African, Arabic, and Indian contributions. This essay argues...

... Abidine Ben Ali’s regime, new political parties were established and free and fair multiparty elections were held, a giant step forward in the march toward democracy. The economy continues to be a deep source of discontent, however. Youth blame the government’s inaction for continued unemployment...

... every member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the 1960s. The new impetus in Greek-Soviet relations in the late 1970s, after the restoration of democracy in 1974, did not signify the loosening of Greek loyalty to the West but was a pragmatic pursuit of interests between two asymmetrical...