... the historical roots of the current confessional-political conflict. Second, it provides an overview of the Muslim Brotherhood – led 1979 – 82 rebellion and its defeat in Hama. Third, it discusses the role that the Muslim Brotherhood revolt plays in the current conflict. Fourth, it analyzes jihadist infighting...

... an overwhelming victory in the first parliamentary elections since the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak. The Muslim Brotherhood won the biggest share with the hard-line Salafist al Nour Party of Light. The youth groups that staged the demonstrations that toppled Mubarak took only seven seats. What are the implications...

... the Mus- lim Brotherhood. Mussolini had seized power six years earlier. And Hitler was to take power fi ve years later. The founders of the Muslim Brotherhood believed that the Islamic countries should emulate what they considered to be these vital new forces, the wave of the future, rather than...

.... The Obama administration wanted the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to transfer power to an elected government sooner rather than later. Given the Muslim Brotherhood’s organizational 34  Mediterranean Quarterly: Summer 2014 capability and history, Mohammad Morsi won the presidency. Washington...

... movement, an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood led for more than three decades by exiled leader Rashid Ghannouchi. By the time elections were held in 2012, Ennahda was well positioned to win the majority seats in parliament. The demonstrators who began the protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square...

.... Islamism’s Many Violent Faces: Nationalist, Internationalist, and Regional Jihadist Networks It is well recognized that modern Islamism’s ideological and organizational roots lie with Hassan al Banna’s Muslim Brotherhood and the ideas of its most preeminent theorist, Sayyid Qutb.3 Formed...

... in Egypt. He even claimed that “the bal- lot boxes will be empowered in March [2014 municipal elections in Turkey] with the spirit of martyr Asma who was the symbol of the Egyptian Revo- lution.”16 This rhetoric may have motivated his constituency, but it did not help the Muslim Brotherhood in any...

... organizational basis in the form of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was originally an Egyptian creation but today has what amounts to franchises, albeit under different names, in sev- eral Arab countries. There is nothing resembling these transnational move- ments as an organizational carrier for the ideas...

... institution of 150,000 students. Anwar Sadat was then president of Egypt. With twelve graduate student assistants, she was asked to reorganize the education of teachers in Egypt. The assassination of Sadat by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood in 1981, however, froze change in Egypt. In 1983 Cochran...

... was then president of Egypt. With twelve graduate student assistants, she was asked to reorganize the education of teachers in Egypt. The assassination of Sadat by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood in 1981, however, froze change in Egypt. In 1983 Cochran returned to the University of North Texas where...

..., the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and Pakistan’s Mawdudi, the founder of the Islamic Society, blamed societal ills and decline on European imperialism and Westernized elites. They were critical of the modernizing strategy, which tended “to Westernize Islam, to recast Islam in light of Western...

..., Mawlana Mawdudi, and Sayyid al Qutb, whom he considers to have inspired many activists and terrorists throughout the Mus- lim world since the dawn of the twentieth century. Egypt’s al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and Pakistan’s Mawdudi, the founder of the Islamic Society, blamed...

..., the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and Pakistan’s Mawdudi, the founder of the Islamic Society, blamed societal ills and decline on European imperialism and Westernized elites. They were critical of the modernizing strategy, which tended “to Westernize Islam, to recast Islam in light of Western...

... Turkey and Iran. Iran fears losing its only Arab ally, Syria, which also gives Iran direct access to Hezbollah and Lebanon. The fall of the Assad regime could lead to the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood — a Sunni-­ based movement that opposed the Alawite Assad family — which would mean that Syria...

... circle of corrup- tion. Antiregime opposition groups began to organize their resources with the objective of toppling the regime. A major political group that challenged the Baath leadership was the Muslim Brotherhood, a fundamentalist reli- gious organization that agitated for establishment...

... religions at the very time when Pope John Paul II was reaching out to all other religions in the spirit of human brotherhood. Other examples can be cited of problems created by misguided leader- Schifter: Southeastern Europe in the Post-Milosevic Era 31 ship in the Balkan region...

... context to the current civil war in Syria and looks at how it is influenced by previous conflicts in the region and groups such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. It is followed by Spyri- don Pla­koudas’s essay “The Syrian Kurds and the Democratic Union Party: The Outsider in the Syrian War...

... Muslim Brotherhood – led gov- ernment were under more pressure from more demonstrations by workers, 37. Jorge Castaneda, “Latin America’s Left Turn,” Foreign Affairs 85, no. 3 (May/June 2006): 28 – 43. 38. Vanden, 1130. 39. Khamis Bin Bereq, “Workers’ Demonstrations Are Stopping the Wheel...

... and provincial bodies to anchor all and a national constitution that inter alia mandated periodic elections. At the apex of the pyramid was a monarch — the elderly King Idris, an aging leader of the Sanusi religious brotherhood founded in Libya’s eastern province of Cyrenaica. And, presto, an embryonic...

... as the Egyptian Arab Socialist Organization. The country’s main political forces, the Wafd, the Muslim Brotherhood, the Nasserites, and the commu- nists, were not however, represented. When President Hosni Mubarak assumed the presidency after President Sadat’s assassination, the country was facing...