... for an analysis of Azerbaijan’s current position and prospects in this much-­disputed part of the Caucasus. The History: Fourth Century to 1988 The national identity of the region known as Nagorno-­Karabakh is disputed by Azeri and Armenian historians as being populated by either...

... are acknowledged to be Azeri districts that are to be returned to Baku’s control and that Armenia retains them only as bargaining chips. Indeed, as of 2010 the United Nations had already voted eight times that Karabakh “falls under Azerbaijan’s sovereignty.”7 While these points are all essential...

...- casus having diplomatic ties with all its immediate and nearby neighbors, albeit in the case of Russia through interest sections. (Georgia is represented in Russia through the embassy of Switzerland in Moscow.) Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is home to twice as many Azeris...

... carry Azeri oil to Black Sea ports for export. As increasing exploration and development in the Caspian Sea leads to increased production, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan will have additional oil supplies available for export. In 2011, Kazakhstan’s net oil exports were 1.4 million barrels per day...

... could play a larger role in the post-­Khamenei Iran. Unquestionably, the regime has taken advantage of certain fissures within and between societal groups to keep them in line. One of the most prevalent strategies in the divide-­and-­conquer stratagem was used on the Azeris and Kurds...

... the government of Turkey and the countries involved. In 2012 the Turkish gov- ernment signed with its Azeri counterpart an agreement for the construc- tion of the Trans-­Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP). This pipeline will carry gas to Europe via Turkey and is expected to be operational in 2018...

.... They accused the Azer- baijan authorities of pursuing policies that discriminated against them and that aimed to make Azeris the majority ethnic group in Nagorno-­Karabakh. During the late 1980s, the Armenians in Nagorno-­Karabakh intensified their drive to separate from Azerbaijan and join Armenia...

... in comparison to existing and projected Russian and Azeri gas exports. The Relative Importance of Cypriot Gas Resources for the Region and Europe From 2011 to 2013 extravagant statements were heard “confirming” the transformation of Cyprus to the Mediterranean equivalent of Qatar. Most...

... as the Soviet Union. Such moves did bring some action prior to Zhivkov’s ouster; Azeris in the Soviet Union held demonstrations of sympathy for Bulgarian Turks, while the Soviets at the urging of Turkey 34. Lutem, 9. 35. Dietrich Schlegel, “Are the Balkan States Closing Ranks?” Aussenpolitik 39...

...-Ceyhan route for the main oil pipeline, as it was 55. Rafael Husainov, “Netanyahu/Azerbaijan,” Voice of America, Correspondent Report no. 2-219147, 29 August 1997. 56. “Netanyahu Shops for Oil during Azeri Stopover,” Reuters, 29 August 1997. 57. Jay Bushinsky, “PM Discusses Oil Pipeline in Baku...

... of national interest.44 Initially, Albania will serve only as a transit country for Azeri gas, due to its lack of internal infrastructure, but Albpetrol has applied for supplies of 1.44 billion cubic meters per year (bcm/y). The plan is to use this supply to expand the use of gas in Albania and, under...

... Tsygankov, head of Gazprom’s International Business Department, told a foreign affairs roundtable the following in Mos- cow in 2009: 52. “Conversations with US and Azeri Analysts,” [Bulgarian] Mediapool.bg, 29 June 2013, www .mediapool.bgnews208210­ .html. 53. Sebastian Zachmann...

..., China, and the Energy-Security Politics of the Caspian Sea  129 Table 1 Caspian Sea Basin Oil Reserves Country Field Recoverable Resources Azerbaijan Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli 5.4 billion Shah Deniz...