...Efstathios T. Fakiolas; Tassos Fakiolas Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States has been presented with a unique structural opportunity to establish world.scale hegemony. But it was not until after the 11 September terrorist attacks that an American president explicitly set...

...Anthony Celso Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2005 Anthony Celso is assistant professor of government and history at Valley Forge Military College, Wayne, Pennsylvania. The Tragedy of Al-Andalus: The Madrid Terror Attacks and the Islamization...

..., it analyzes the importance that the IS attributes to energy in general and, more specifically, to the strategy of terrorist attacks targeting the energy sector. Second, the essay describes examples, goals, and motives of terrorist attacks on the energy sector and the accompanying criminal activities conducted...

...Gawdat Bahgat On 27 December 2008, Israeli forces attacked Gaza to stop missile attacks by Hamas. The military operation lasted twenty-two days and ended with a fragile cease-fire. This study seeks to provide an assessment of all involved parties' stances. The author argues that some parties gained...

..., a group determined to expand its influence and control beyond Mogadishu. Meanwhile, Somali pirates have intensified their attacks in the Gulf of Aden, carrying out attacks on more than ninety commercial ships and successfully hijacking more than thirty-five ships in 2008. The pirates have earned more than...

... that the influx of refugee flows can increase the likelihood of terrorist attacks. Furthermore, 65 percent of Greeks have a negative review of Muslims. Because Greece has not been the victim of Muslim terrorist attacks and historically has had strong ties with the Arab world, these perceptions represent a puzzle...

...Magnus Nordenman The “Global War on Terror” came to dominate US foreign policy in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. The effort served as a guiding light for how the United States interacted with friends, allies, and adversaries and deeply influenced US priorities around the globe, in general...

... Vladimir Putin promoted this position in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States and renewed this claim after the Boston Marathon bombing of April 2013. However, the Kremlin’s view on terrorism is different from Washington’s. The history of Russian domination and abuses...

... challenge to al Qaeda’s central command. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi’s refusal to recognize the authority of al Qaeda’s Ayman al Zawahiri and Baghdadi’s violent resistance to reconciliation measures has sparked destabilizing intrajihadist warfare. Third, the essay examines ISIS’s position as it resists attacks...

... attacks in Paris, they moved on to emphasize the right of “self-defense.” Stelios Stavridis is ARAID Senior Research Fellow, the Research Unit on European and International Studies, University of Zaragoza. Copyright 2016 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2016 parliamentary diplomacy...

...Kenneth B. Moss The planned deployment of ballistic missile defense systems in Poland and a radar system in the Czech Republic to defend against possible attack from Iran has stirred strong opposition from Moscow. Concern about Iran's nuclear-enrichment program is legitimate, but the United States...

... accord with the Basque separatist organization ETA and its willingness to accommodate and integrate North African diaspora communities have floundered. Faced with repeated terrorist attacks and plots, the socialists have reversed course and have moved decisively toward a more draconian law enforcement...

... as a possible solution is not helpful in that an attack on Iran would not resolve any problems in the bilateral relationship and could well make the situation much worse. Negotiations offer the best option, but their success depends on a mutual willingness to compromise on fundamental issues, which has...

... fundamentalism. Civil disobedience campaigns in Tunisia and Egypt succeeded in forcing regime change in ways that a decade of al Qaeda terror attacks failed to accomplish. While it is too soon to write al Qaeda’s obituary, its erosion came well before the death of its historic leader. This essay examines al...

... pirates attacked the Idun, a 276-ton ship, and the Peter Star while they were anchored in Nigerian waters.3 The crews of both ships were assaulted with knives and their cargo stolen. Two years later, the pirates became more daring and violent when they attacked a Danish cargo ship, the Lindinga...

... Eras Anthony N. Celso While global terror has emerged as today’s dominant issue, countries have grappled with terrorist attacks for generations.1 Violent movements and the terrorist attacks they inspire have bedeviled policy makers in Algeria, Colom- bia, England...

... and “Blowback” In response to the attacks of 11 September, President Bush launched his much ballyhooed “war on terrorism.” That war has been aggressive and Ivan Eland is senior fellow and director of the Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Insti- tute in Oakland, California, and author...

... of this ongo- ing global discontent. As stipulated and operationalized, the doctrine con- templates attacking rogue states (as was the case with Iraq) and terrorist organizations in the absence of credible intelligence and confirmation of a pending enemy attack. In the view of the Bush...

... Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999). 6. Anthony Celso, “The Tragedy of Al Andalus: The Madrid Terror Attacks and the Islamization of Spanish Politics,” Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (2005). 84  Mediterranean Quarterly: Winter 2008...

... would delay, not eliminate, Tehran’s program. There is also a grave risk that Iran would retaliate with terrorist attacks and perhaps more drastic measures. 1. Neil King Jr. and Marc Champion, “Nations’ Rich Trade with Iran Is Hurdle for Sanctions Plan,” Wall Street Journal, 20 September...