...Stephen Blank Even as the world focuses on Ukraine, Washington has conspicuously ignored resolute action to resolve existing conflicts in the Caucasus, in particular the so-called frozen conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. Here, Washington has refused to see that Russia...

... for war to take back Nagorno-Karabakh. Due to Azerbaijan’s impending economic and strategic insignificance to the West after the peak of oil production in 2010, Azerbaijan needs to become more realistic in its claim to Nagorno-Karabakh, as its ability to persuade the great powers is set to dwindle...

... Nagorno-­Karabakh The dispute over the status of Nagorno-­Karabakh still remains a source of tension in Russian-­Turkish relations. The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s reopened territorial questions that had been submerged under Soviet rule. One of these was the conflict over...

... a common border with its northern neighbor, Armenia has maintained the closest relationship to Russia, in large part for support in the conflict over Nagorno-­Karabakh, a territory within the international borders of Azerbaijan occupied by Arme- nia during the early 1990s as it was populated...

... as an important international actor and to contribute to the resolution of the Nagorno-­Karabakh conflict, by taking advantage of its rich energy resources. This political reality brought the countries together. Furthermore, Azerbaijan perceived Turkey as a link to Western economic, defense, and political...

... to today’s highly complex and sophisticated world. The essay “US Policy, Azerbaijan, and the Nagorno-­Karabakh Conflict,” by Stephen J. Blank, senior fellow at the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, DC, focuses on the plight in Ukraine caused by Russia’s annex- ation of Crimea...

..., the importance of con- flict resolution around the Black Sea readily becomes apparent. Precisely because the conflicts in Moldova, Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia preclude a regional order in the Transcaucasus or around Moldova, they block the construction of a larger Eurasian order...

...), at www.Nato .int/docu/pr/2004/p04-096e.htm; “Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia Included in the European Neighborhood Policy,” 5 July 2004, at www.welcomeeurope.com/news; Ahto Lobjaskas, “Azerbai- jan: EU Keen to Get Involved in Nagorno-Karabakh Peace Process,” Eurasia Insight, 18 May 2004...

... do not see eye to eye are Nagorno-­Karabakh and Cyprus. . . . I don’t think the situation is going to change any time soon.54 In 2012, Torbakov was asked whether he still entertained his earlier opin- ion on the matter. He responded as follows: Yes, I still believe that notwithstanding...

... Yugoslavia also brought to light a num- ber of frozen territorial and ethnic disputes, which are still not solved, rang- ing across Transdniester, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Kosovo. Each of these has evolved in different ways; the international com- munity involvement has also...

... grand plan to remake the security and energy framework of the Caucasus. Moscow’s chief desire is to keep US and NATO influence in the region to a minimum, and even eliminate it altogether. Thus, Moscow has ratcheted up pressure on Baku to formally desist from the use of force to recover Nagorno...

... ict reconstruction and security-building measures.11 Having mounted missions in [the Former Yugoslav Republic of] Macedonia [FYROM], Tajikistan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyr- gyzstan, Tajikistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Belarus, and Moldova—and having worked closely with NATO in Kosovo...

... of encirclement by Russia, Armenia, and Iran, and to help it find an acceptable solution to the Nagorno-Karabakh problem. This will also help determine the duration of the pro-Western stance of Baku. Armenia, in an effort to come closer to pro-Western countries, has shown some degree of willingness...

... in the former Soviet Union and had specific disagree- ments with Russia on such issues as the Azerbaijan-­Armenia conflict over Nagorno-­Karabakh, Bosnia, and the Kurds.20 In 2013, Turkey’s trade with Ukraine accounted for $6.7 billion, while that with Russia was about $20 billion.21 However, that same...

... developments and production of weapon systems and special technology on Greek territory. . . . Russia is a very reliable partner.35 In addition, Greece is one of the most important military partners of Arme- nia. Turkey’s support for Azerbaijan in the conflict over Nagorno-­Karabakh allowed Athens...

... in the east of Ukraine in 2014, there are now five unresolved or “frozen” conflicts in the wider Black Sea that provide ungoverned spaces. These include Nagorno Karabakh, the disputed enclave between Armenia and Azerbaijan; Transnistria in Moldova; Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia...