...Keith Neilson Keith Neilson is professor in the Department of History at Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario. Barr James : A Line in the Sand: Britain, France, and the Struggle that Shaped the Middle East . London : Simon and Schuster , 2011 . 352 pages...

...Michael B. Bishku This essay reviews and analyzes Albania’s connections with the Middle East since the era of Enver Hoxha’s rule, when ideology was a strong factor in international relations. Since the end of the Cold War, Albania has been most interested in developing political, economic...

... Prospects for a New US Strategic Orientation in the Middle East Gawdat Bahgat and Robert Sharp In the aftermath of the Second World War, the United States emerged as a superpower with global economic, security, and strategic interests. Mean- while, the old European colonial powers (mainly...

...El Hassan The Middle East has 10 percent of the planet's land and 5 percent of its population, but it contains less than 1 percent of the world's freshwater resources. Thirteen of the twenty-two members of the Arab League rank among the world's most water-scarce nations. The effects of climate...

... of Peking University, Global Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and research associate of the Turin World Affairs Institute (T.wai). Copyright 2015 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2015 Chinese foreign policy New Silk Road xiya beifei Middle East and North Africa...

...Altay Atlı The Middle East is going through a period of profound change in the wake of the Arab Spring, and there are several dynamics and actors shaping the contours of the change. China is one of the relatively new actors on this stage, actively engaging the Middle East both economically...

...Patrick N. Theros The Arab Awakening (also known as the Arab Spring) caught the Western world, and even most experts, by surprise. A fuller understanding of how the peoples of the Middle East perceive their history and their relationship with the Western world—from their own perspective...

...Michail Ploumis; Labros E. Pilalis Five years after the Arab uprisings in 2011, countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) had difficulties finding their pathway to sustainable economic and political change. Arab oil-producing countries suffered from decreasing oil prices while the Arab...

... and to seek support for its territorial integrity. In the long run, it regards its political and economic futures as connected with the West. Meanwhile, the Middle East offers an alternative to mitigate pressure from Russia and to develop mutually beneficial relations with Turkey and Israel, with whom...

...Dora Bakoyannis Dora Bakoyannis is foreign minister of Greece. This essay is adapted from a speech at the international conference “Solving the Security Puzzle in the Mediterranean and the Broader Middle East,” held in Athens on 24 November 2006. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2007...

...Joshua Walker Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2006 Joshua Walker is a doctoral candidate at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School and a former Fulbright Fellow in Ankara, Turkey. Turkey and Israel’s Relationship in the Middle East...

...Massimo D'Alema Massimo D'Alema is deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Italy. This article draws on a speech Minister D'Alema gave at the Aspen Institute Italia, Rome, 1 October 2006. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2007 Italy and the Greater Middle East...

...Nivien Saleh Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2007 Nivien Saleh is a visiting professor in political science at Northern Arizona University. Europe in the Middle East and Northern Africa: The Subtle Quest for Power Nivien Saleh In November...

... such as the worsening conditions in Iraq, and the deepening problems in the Palestinian.Israeli debacle, currently constrain Turkey.s potential to serve the Middle East region in the capacity of soft.security provider by means of creating inspration for democratization and socioeconomic developments. Mediterranean...

... and the Changing Strategic Landscape in the Middle East: An Assessment Gawdat Bahgat In June 2008 Israel and Hamas agreed on a truce, which required the par- ties to refrain from violent action against each other. Hamas had to cease its rocket assaults and prevent...

... . Carpenter: Middle East Vortex  23 Middle East Vortex: An Unstable Iraq and Its Implications for the Region Ted Galen Carpenter The United States seems committed to drawing down its forces in Iraq, with the goal of having all combat forces out...

... of history and political science at the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC. Obama and the Middle East Peace Process: Challenge and Response Mohamed A. El-Khawas In the early days of his administration, President Barack Obama decided...

..., Augusta State University, Georgia. Bishku: The South Caucasus Republics and the Muslim Middle East  27 The South Caucasus Republics and the Muslim Middle East: Political and Economic Imperatives...

... Israel. Iran with a nuclear capability, if it happens, would not pose a security threat to either Cairo or Riyadh. In short, the author argues that an Iran with nuclear capability will further destabilize the Middle East and will be a negative development, but it is not likely to make Egypt and Saudi...

... at the University of Maryland. The Critical Nature of U.S. Policy in the Middle East Stansfield Turner Anyone at all concerned with the Middle East will be wondering today what the area will look like when the course of postwar Iraq becomes...