... is a former alternate executive director at the International Monetary Fund representing Albania, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Malta, and San Marino. Copyright 2016 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2016 Greece IMF Eurogroup eurozone The Greek Economic Crisis: Myths, Misperceptions, Truths...

... the Erste Bank and Raiffeisen International, have more than $295 billion exposure to Eastern Europe, or roughly 68 percent of the Austrian gross domestic product (GDP), 7. International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook (Washington, DC: IMF, 2009); IMF, International Financial Statistics...

...-­600-­9. $19.95 (paperback). Reviewed by Constantine P. Danopoulos. In 2009, Greece was hit by a devastating sovereign debt crisis that forced the country to seek help from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The agreement (also known widely as the memorandum) signed...

... underlying assumptions and expectations that support free trade. Next, it analyzes how international financial institutions (IFI) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank along with the Washington Consensus have impacted state capacity in coffee-­exporting states in sub-­Saharan...

... (also known as “memoranda”) and nearly six years of sharp tax hikes and deep wage and pension cuts imposed by the lenders (the so-­ called Troika): the International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Central Bank, and European Union. Even though Varoufakis’s stint lasted a mere 162 days (January – July...

...-­year loans from other eurozone member states and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). German chancellor Angela Merkel initially insisted on market rates, but on 11 April agreed to a maximum inter- est rate ceiling of about 5 percent — ­below the 7.5 percent the Greeks had been paying...

... in January and March 2010. Following their enactment, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) came to Greece’s rescue at the invitation of Prime Minister George Papandreou. By mid-­May a bailout loan package had been agreed to. The Troika...

..., with the participation of Bel- gium, Britain, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United States, and the central banks of Sweden and the Federal Republic of Ger- many, expanded the scope of coordination beyond the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) available means. The IMF’s mission...

... — the troika of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union, and Central European Bank (CEB) — have to take under consideration an entirely different set of variables, central among them the globalization of banking and profit making. Can anybody seriously argue that today’s Greek financial...

... and rising steeply. In March 2013 the 4. See International Monetary Fund (IMF), Country Report: Cyprus, no. 13/293, (Washington, DC: IMF, September 2013), 5, 8, www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=40950.0. 100  Mediterranean Quarterly: Winter 2014 European Central Bank estimated...

..., unequal distribution of income, and the absence of good governance and democracy. Economic Liberalization for the Benefit of a Few Macroeconomic reforms, under the auspices of the World Bank and the Inter- national Monetary Fund (IMF), have been implemented in the Arab world since...

... Greece, and these days the world reads Greek news on the business pages. As Greece struggles to find a clear path from its financial crisis, its main interlocutors are the European Union, its European partners, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This is a far cry from the days not long...

... on data in the International Mon- etary Fund (IMF), Direction of Trade Statistics 1998 Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 1998), and IMF, March 2000 Quarterly (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 2000). MQ 12.2-05 Miskel 5/8/01 10:35 AM Page 57...

... for vulnerable economies as a way to shield the eurozone from similar crises in the future. The three-­year, €30 billion loan provided by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in April 2010 allows Greece to borrow at more favorable rates than on the open market. This support...

... depress exports. In April 2015, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned of the “risks of prolonged low growth and low inflation” across Europe (although performance will be uneven).26 In its assessment, the IMF emphasized medium-­term challenges “driven largely by crisis legacies,” by which...

... to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the “Poverty Reduction Strategy of the Government of Ethiopia continues the broad thrust of policies that have been debated and developed internally in Ethiopia over the past decade to reduce poverty.”3 The IMF acknowledges that this is work in progress and that a lot...

... minister Andreas G. Papandreou and grandson of former prime minister Georgios A. Papandreou, announced from the easternmost Greek island of Kastelorizo that the state was about to request a European Union and International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout package that would finance Athens with a $45...

... (IMF) have continually renewed Albania’s loans, a merit-based decision made on its performance. In spring 2005, the IMF board of directors deemed Albania’s macroeconomic perfor- mance “remarkable . . . by any international or regional standard.” In 2005 Albania was reported to have moved upward...

... Trump for Exposing the Reality of the U.S.: Ayatollah Khamenei,” Tehran Times, 7 February 2017, available at www.tehrantimes.com/print/410864/we-­thank-­trump-­for-­exposing-­the -­reality-­of-­the-­u-­s-­ayatollah. 3. International Monetary Fund (IMF), “IMF Staff Completes 2016 Article IV...

... Europe, and the demise of the Soviet Union.2 African demands for political liberal- ization also got a boost from the West and international financial institutions. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other Western donors refused...