...Sotiris Rizas During the 1960s Italy and Greece were undergoing rapid economic and social changes that were significant in both their economic and political ramifications. US policy was able to influence the course of events either bilaterally or multilaterally in the context of the Bretton Woods...

...” by Sotiris Rizas. It provides a closer look at US relations with Greece and Italy during the key post – World War II period of their economic and political development and exam- ines how Washington leveraged the Bretton Woods system to nudge development forward in those two countries and swing them...

... in the so-called Bret- ton Woods arrangements — named for the mountain resort in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, where the 1944 conference took place. The International Mone­tary Fund was established as a result of this conference. These arrange- ments pegged the value of gold at $35 per ounce, which...

... functions was established. The United States was a leader in regulating its financial system, and many countries emulated its example. The regulatory system of the 1930s survived for fifty years. After World War II, it was transposed into the Bretton Woods sys- tem, which enabled a spectacular phase...

... that the United States waged a strenuous lobbying campaign to keep it and other nations from following suit. Indeed, in a variety of respects the old postwar Bretton Woods order is fragmenting. The Syriza government has already indicated its unwillingness to approve more sanctions against Russia...

..., the consortium looked to the World Bank to assist in achieving this fundamental objective. The bank’s initial reaction was negative. Its lawyers pointed to its charter, the Bretton Woods agreement of l945 that prohibits the bank from interven- ing in a country’s internal affairs. Only after years...

... architects of the postwar Bretton Woods global economic infra- structure that included not only GATT and the World Bank but, maybe more important, the IMF, which was charged with overseeing the fixed-­exchange- 31. Salvatore. 32. John M. Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest...

... on a lifetime of income became an integral part of the neoliberal empirical model in the post – Bretton Woods international economic system. Friedman’s permanent-­income hypothesis and the emphasis on wealth were an important departure from the idea of consumption based on real income, since under...

... bank to be created outside of the US sphere of influence since the 1944 Bretton Woods accords. With a projected $100 bil- lion in initial capital, it is poised to be a significant competitor for the US- ­and Japan-­dominated Asian Development Bank. See “Xi Jinping: Jiakuai tuijin sichou zhilu...