... conquest of Aleppo, the Islamist defeat in today's war is far from certain, although the current jihadist insurgency has stalled. jihadism sectarianism Arab Spring Syrian Civil War Assad Muslim Brotherhood Aleppo Copyright 2017 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2017 Anthony N. Celso...

... by the Syrian state authorities since 1962, the Kurds in Syria now control almost the whole length of the 822-­kilometer-­long Turkish-­Syrian frontier.3 How did the Syr- 1. For maps on the current state of affairs in Syria, see “The Battle for Syria: Syria and Rebels Battle for Aleppo as Cease-­Fire...

...Magnus Nordenman Copyright 2017 by Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2017 From the Managing Editor Magnus Nordenman At the time this issue of the Mediterranean Quarterly went to press, the civil war in Syria raged, with Aleppo having fallen in the face of a combined assault by Syrian...

.... The Islamist Front and the Syrian Revolutionary Front attacked ISIS posi- tions in Aleppo and Homs. By early 2014 thousands of jihadists had died in pitched battles between ISIS and other rebel organizations as Baghdadi’s forces consolidated their position around the strategic border town of Raqqa...

... of the Syrian province of Aleppo, a rebel stronghold, that there was a chemical weapons attack in Khan al-­Assal on 19 March 2013, raising the geopolitical stakes significantly and marking the next phase of the conflict. Washington has been pushed closer to intervening on the side of the Syrian rebels...

... the United Arab Emirates and Iran have shown increasing interest. The most important foreign investment sectors have been transport and tourism, while agriculture has great potential. As for transportation links, Armenia’s Armavia Airlines flies to Aleppo, Beirut, Bahrain, Dubai, and Tel Aviv...

..., the Jewish population in Syria was estimated at thirty- five thousand and in 1943 about thirty thousand, mainly distributed among Aleppo, Damascus, and Kamishli. During the French mandate over Syria in 1920, the Druze revolted against the French and in the process turned against the Jews, killing...

... Can Still See Their Blood (New York: HRW, 11 October 2013), www.hrw.org/reports/2013/10/11/you-­can-­still-­see-­their-­blood. Celso: Al Qaeda’s Post–bin Laden Resurgence  43 Aleppo, Idlib, and Raqqa. Over a thousand people have died as ISIL forces retreated from...

... of Islamic rule. Although it confronted the regime and opposed its socialist policies, it softened its radical Islamic rhetoric in the 1960s and promoted common interests with the Sunni merchant class to appeal for its support. In June 1979 opposition groups launched an attack on Aleppo, killing...

... Sarkissian, who had been relocated with his family from Kilis to Aleppo in 1915. Last and most important, Balakian does not support with documents his accusation that the Ottoman government conducted intentional mass extermination of Armenians. Not one shred of documentary, archival evidence...

... Sarkissian, who had been relocated with his family from Kilis to Aleppo in 1915. Last and most important, Balakian does not support with documents his accusation that the Ottoman government conducted intentional mass extermination of Armenians. Not one shred of documentary, archival evidence...

...-­ to-­ the-­ caller­ -of-­ allah-­ audio-­ statement-­ by-­ shaykh-­ abu-­ muhammad-­ al-­ adnani-­ as-­ shami/­ [registration required]. Al-­Adnani died in Aleppo, Syria, in late August 2016. 14. Al-­Adnani, “Say to Those Who Disbelieve, ‘You Will Be Overcome,’ ” pietervanostaeyen.com, blog, 13 October...

... worrisome indicators that the pres- ence of those elements is substantial and growing.4 Beginning with the mas- sive suicide bombings in the city of Aleppo in early February 2012, there was a proliferation of episodes reminiscent of terrorist attacks in Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries...

... the First World War; James Barton and Elizabeth Webb, American Protestant mission- aries in the Ottoman Empire; and Hagop Sarkissian, who had been relocated with his family from Kilis to Aleppo in 1915. Last and most important, Balakian does not support with documents his accusation that the Ottoman...

.... As such, one can have an insight into the few but extremely useful accounts by him, which pro- vide a panoramic view of the era. Muhammad ibn Ali al-­Azimi’s work Tarikh Halab (History of Aleppo), written around 1160, is also a local chronicle. Although less detailed, Azimi displays a wider...

... Pierre Laurent noted his visit to Kobane in Aleppo province, for instance. Others still used the debate for attacks against “global American imperialism.” David Rach- line, independent, called France “a lackey of the USA.” He went on to say, “Today, our enemy is the Islamic state, and our only...

... Congress in Istanbul in October 2016, just before his meeting with Putin, Erdogan talked about the “hordes” of Russian jets in Syrian skies and drew attention to the humanitarian con- sequences of the Aleppo blockade.56 Despite the convergence of interests, Russia and Turkey remain at odds over...

... Orthodox Church and its patriarchs in Alexandria, Aleppo, and Jerusalem. This factor weighed so heavily on Greek policy toward the Mid- dle East that when U.S. president Harry Truman’s assistant, David K. Niles, attempted to convince the Greek government to vote...