Before #MeToo: The History of the 9to5 Job Survival Hotline

In the 1970s and 1980s, the tension between achievable goals and systemic change defined the work of the women's movement. This was very evident in the fight to end sexual harassment in the workplace. This article examines how 9to5, a national organization of women workers, created their own effective means of response, hence the early success of 9to5. In particular, it explores the use of the telephone hotline as a critical tool in information gathering and organizing.