Search Results for variant

...Stevan Harrell Abstract While all variants of Chinese religion assume the existence of one or more “souls” (ling-hun), very little has been said about what these “souls” are or how the concept varies from one religious tradition to another. This article explores the “soul” in the folk variant...

... and Eurasians who were writing in Malay at the time—developed a literary language from Low Malay that was primarily an oral language with many regional and social variants. Soon after this period, the Dutch (and many Eurasians and some Chinese) abandoned Malay as a literary language in preference for Dutch...

..., need not be coherent and unified, as has often been assumed in culture theory. The ritual structure of the Tamang emerges as a variant of other ritual systems found throughout Nepal and in greater South and Southeast Asia. VOL. XLIII, No. 4 JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES AUGUST 1984 Ritual Paradoxes in Nepal...

... identities. In much of developing Asia, therefore, researchers on language history regularly encounter some variant of the same question: what social and historical conditions determine the ways that speakers in multilingual communities resolve problems of language and identity? More specifically, what mix...

... for understanding wider issues in early Republican political discourse, but also for critically interrogating their contemporary variants from Chinese—rather than Western liberal-democratic—perspectives. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2010 2010 Which is more necessary for a successful...

... that the major variants of the tale reflect developments in Hindu religious thought. But more interesting is the relation between the embedded folktale and its frame text in classical mythology. In each case, the tale echoes the themes of the frame text but reorients them, bringing the cosmic concerns of gods...

... of Javanese Islam and correlated each with a particular social class. Abangan , or Javanist Muslim, tradition was described as a syncretic blend of animist, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic elements that was predominant among the mass of rural Javanese. Santri tradition was identified as a more orthodox variant...

... close variant. Produced at varying levels of expense, these illustrated biographies or hagiographies were made in a variety of media, such as woodblock prints, paintings on silk, and incised stone tablets. The various examples also exhibit a wide range of artistic quality. These differences in quality...

...-Pasteurian and Pasteurian variants, Western medicine was constituted as a new medical practice and disciplinary regime in Siam. As a discursive instrument of state hegemony, the ideas, structures, policies, and institutions of Western medicine furthered the understanding and management of virulent epidemics...

... with wordings that circulated in the past, she finds that Tao was turned into an “eternal presence” by a predilection for textual variants that made more obvious sense to the historically conditioned viewpoint of later readers, as well as by an idealization of Tao's character that stressed the traits...

... with his published transcriptions of three distinct variants of the north Indian epic tradition of Lorik and Canda. This volume is the third in Pandey's proposed ten-volume series based on the Lorik-Canda tradition, which will include transcriptions ofeight epic variants. Pandey's two previously published...

..., the Mawangdui silk manuscripts, and the Xiping Stone Classics text. Similar text-critical and philological footnotes for the Wangjiatai and Fuyang manuscripts in chapters 5 and 7 would have been helpful. While Shaughnessy discusses the significance of many of the character variants found in the manuscripts, one...

...Kuo-P'ing Chou 3 yi to jen; liang ko jen ; etc. 2 The vocabularies of the lessons give 514 characters, plus 11 variant forms, but the glossary has 518 entries, variant forms included. The preface says “exactement 517.” 1 The verso pages use the French system...

... toward making the collection useful in comparative studies. Similar Korean variants in other collections could thus be easily accessed, comparisons to variants from other East Asian traditions could be readily made, and an evaluation of the variants in a global context could help in the evaluation...

...Jeongsoo Shin Overall, Park's historical linguistic analysis of the Recited Stories as a vernacularized variant of Literary Sinitic is successful. Yet I would draw attention to the fact that the language of the text is heterogeneous in essence, and thus, as a complement, it would have been...

... for the Muppets and a host of television figures.) Scholarly interest in rod puppet theater has been relatively recent, however, and there are still many aspects of this multifaceted art that require investigation. Broadly speaking, there are three variants of wayang golek practiced in Java today; like many...

... of the Heike and its world. These final chapters draw attention to the ambivalent and sometimes conflicting views of the shape of the realm and its relationship to the continent, both between and within individual Heike variants. Especially revelatory are Bialock's treatments of the Taira Shigemori...

... there is no correction for the greater underreporting of female than male births and deaths. These levels of child mortality are an essential element in the creation of the final life tables via census procedures. In the conclusion the authors weigh a low mortality against a high mortality variant in deciding...

.... In the conclusion the authors weigh a low mortality against a high mortality variant in deciding the parameters of the demographic system most recently prevailing. They select the lower mortality variant, which produces a larger apparent decline in both fertility and mortality than the other, basing the choice...