...Theodore Friend Abstract Independence was an old question in Philippine-American relations, free trade a middle-aged one, and sugar production a very young one when all three converged in 1929. They remained tangled until an independence bill, a redefinition of Philippine-American trade...

... arguments. Throughout, we learn about cultures surrounding the consumption of tea (such as the recipe for a green tea punch with sugar, cream, and champagne), popular formats for tea parties, and changing gender associations of types of tea and ways of drinking it. Hellyer traces the meandering path...

... such as smuggling in achieving political and economic goals. Smokeless Sugar: The Death of a Provincial Bureaucrat and the Construction of China's National Economy . By Emily M. Hill . Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press , 2010 . x, 318 pp. $85.00 (cloth). Copyright © The Association...

... Lu's work on ancient Chinese rhetoric certainly is an inspiring book. CARINE DEFOORT Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Sugar and Society in China: Peasants, Technology and the World Market. By SUCHETA M A Z U M D A R . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 1998. xx, 657 pp. $49.50 (cloth...

...Jean-Paul Dumont Clash of Spirits: The History of Power and Sugar Planter Hegemony on a Visayan Island . By Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr . Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press , 1998 . xiv, 314 pp. $49.00 (cloth); $28.95 (paper). Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2000...

...Vina A. Lanzona Barons, Brokers, and Buyers: The Institutions and Cultures of Philippine Sugar . By Michael S. Billig . Honolulu : University of Hawai'i Press , 2003 . xiv , 320 pp. $49.00 (cloth). Copyright © Association for Asian Studies 2005 2005 794 T H E J O U R N A L O F...

...Alfred W. McCoy Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society . By John A. Larkin . Berkeley : University of California Press . 1993 . xvi, 337 pp. $48.00. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1994 1994 636 THE JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES representations...

... in the Indian Sugar and Cement Industries . By Shyam J. Kamath . Delhi : Oxford University Press , 1992 . xv, 247 pp. Rs. 425. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1994 1994 BOOK REVIEWS SOUTH ASIA 593 produced, as is to be expected from E. J. Brill, but the price may discourage...

...Anand A. Yang Sugarcane and Sugar in Gorakhpur: An Inquiry into Peasant Production for Capitalist Enterprise in Colonial India . By Shahid Amin . New Delhi : Oxford University Press , 1984 . (Published in the U.S. by Oxford University Press, New York) xix, 336 pp. Tables, Maps...

...Donald W. Attwood Abstract Has the organization of commercial agriculture in the Third World been shaped primarily by external forces from the world economy? This study of sugar production in northern and western India shows that industrialists were generally unable to impose a plantation system...

... vendor, who is supplied with inventory on a credit basis by the wholesaler and who retails the commodity by the bundle or by the chew, each unit, ordinarily laced with a dash of salt, garlic, sugar-water, or shredded coconut, selling for one baht (approximately U. S. $ .05) or less. 18 The king...

... reforms and investment to establish an extensive infra-structure. This encouraged expansion of the market and enabled the administration to formulate policies of promotion, regulation, and financial support to build an industry of great comparative advantage to the island, sugar. (3) Kodama and Gotō...

... on 19th century Philippine trade is Legarda Benito Jr. , “Foreign Trade, Economic Change and Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines” (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University , 1955 ). 22 Yearly production figures for Pampangan sugar do not exist...

... off nicely. While acknowledging the importance of their work, Ka ultimately disagrees with Ramon Myers and Samuel Ho, among others, about the role played by the colonial Japanese state in "developing" the Taiwanese economy. Instead, he attempts to demonstrate that "in Taiwan, like other sugar...

... of sugar a year, an amount greater than one-half of Japan's-trade deficit during this period. Given the pressure on its balance of payments, the need to import substitute within the Empire was clear. However, Taiwan was never able to develop a strong comparative advantage in sugar, and it probably would...

... 46.6 42.0 33.6 Source: Statistical Summary (in Chinese), (Taipei: Taiwan Provincial Office, 1946), pp552-579. Main food consisted of nine products, of which rice, sweet potatoes, wheat, millet, and corn were the most important; special crops were made up of ten products, chiefly sugar cane, tobacco...

... are treated to a vivid portrayal of everyday resistance by workers at two critical state-owned enterprises, the Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) and the China Petroleum Corporation (CPC). Taiwan became the world's fourth-largest sugar producer after Japan systematically modernized the industry after 1900...

... is an important work in a field suffering from a dearth of material. Klokke has addressed many previously unexplored topics which will undoubtedly provide the basis for future research and publications. NANCY DOWLING University of Hawaii at Manoa Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society. By J O H N A. L...

... political weather of one outside power, or through an agreement in which Hawaiian wishes would play small part or none. As the century wore on, sugar became the all-important Island industry. T h e United States market was by far the most promising: in 1893 Lorrin T h u r s t o n of Honolulu could assert...

... the Indian practice of tying palm leaves together (p. 179). The contribution of Buddhist monks to bridge building he sees in their technical expertise and their ability to raise the funds required for such projects (p. 204). The chair, sugar, and tea are discussed as accidents and incidentals...