...Ping Zhu Abstract This article shows that the construction of the notion of dignified laborer during the Chinese New Culture Movement (1915–24) was not simply a reversal of preexisting social hierarchy that placed the mental laborers above the manual laborers but rather a complex and profound...

... treatment of the Marxist goal of abolishing the distinction between mental and manual labor. For a variety of reasons which I have commented upon elsewhere, this goal has been widely popularized over the past decade and has received extensive treatment in Chinese Marxist theoretical literature. In brief...

... a revolutionary discourse that cut across any formal party or ideological affiliation. One such anarchist concept was that of "labor-learning," the integration of intellectual and manual labor as a means of ending class division and social/cultural inequalities. This book focuses on one attempt to translate...

... treatment of problems in education is generally superficial and his approach to solutions is ritualistic. Thus, after noting evidence from a previous study of his own, that exposure to primary school had such undesirable effects on children as developing a dislike for manual labor, and causing them...

... as developing a dislike for manual labor, and causing them to display a diminished interest in the local community, he states that "in operation to check these unfavorable effects are school programs highlighting . . . the dignity of manual labor; regard for the rural community; and fostering love...

.... The key for Raz is in the employee manuals, which laid out detailed guidelines for appearance and conduct "manual labor" in a double sense! And at the heart of this training is emotion management, which Raz takes up in chapter 4. This was for me the richest and most provocative section of the book. Raz...

... in the value and status attached to manual labor in factories. Whereas people once looked down on all manual labor as inferior, now a factory job looks very attractive compared to agricultural work in the countryside. A blue collar factory job in the city is viewed as even more prestigious than being a teacher...

... and the selfless manual labor of the projectionists were featured in an increasing number of Mao-era narratives that celebrated the virtue of collectivity and sacrifice. Projectionists also became an “interface” connecting the films to their rural audiences, as they had to interpret the films for the public...

... for the Ming Tombs Reservoir , and unable to reconcile its manic exuberance with the darker image of manual labor as a punitive disciplinary regime in the thought reform camps. Though methodologically less than ambitious, Literature the People Love is a solid monograph with nuanced and contextualized...

... the yangban in particular dimensions: the avoidance of manual work, the pursuit of education, or the desire to marry someone of greater or equal social status. This argument is undermined somewhat by an absence of discussion about whether this set of status-seeking practices differs from the practices...

.... When evaluating potential causes of cancer that include water contamination, the long-term toll of manual labor, cigarettes, preserved vegetables, and alcohol consumption, villagers gravitate towards explanations that are “socially efficacious” in helping “to reconstitute a moral world” (p. 164...

... and socializing their part-timers, but TDL expends great effort on mobilizing, socializing, and controlling its workforce. The key for Raz is in the employee manuals, which laid out detailed guidelines for appearance and conduct "manual labor" in a double sense! And at the heart of this training is emotion...

... as a route to prestige for disenfranchised middle siblings, makes her argument compelling. One may wonder, though, whether contributions of manual labor were, for "small" people, an equally satisfying source of legitimation. Those who employ the methods of political economy in historical anthropology may...

... the creation of an urban-oriented elite divorced from rural realities, an elitist disdain for manual labor not unlike that of the former Confucian gentry, infatuation with "world trends" and Western models, and the mechanical copying of those models without regard to their suitability or relevance for China...

..." (chapter 5) focuses on the decline of cooperative and reciprocal mechanisms in agriculture (with the exception of socialist states' cooperativization), the impact of technology on 910 THE JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES traditional forms of manual labor, and the attraction of off-farm employment with its specific...

... back. Shirendev is not given to reflection or self-analysis; to see his personality one must read past Shirendev's deep-seated reticence about his personal life. What emerges is the character that Richard Rodriguez described in Hunger ofMemory as the "scholarship boy." Born into a world of manual labor...

... monastic experience can help us re-evaluate certain stereotypical views of the Zen tradition at large. Buswell points out, for example, that while Zen has been characterized as bibliophobic, enamored of manual labor and artistic expression, and concerned above all with the sudden realization...

...) involved costly operations of bunding and draining. While the former was done through driving coconut stems deep into the bed of the water, the latter was carried out by water wheels worked by manual labor. The advent of the pumping engine in 1912 helped in claiming thousands of acres of land. A remarkable...

... sought to retain an autonomous sphere for those who were excluded from the dominant social order and culture, in which China was the methodological Other. By connecting the present and past in archaic form, nativism sought to restore immediacy to everyday life, where mental and manual labor had become...

... to pay for their schooling, as well as the moral benefits of manual labor. Both groups were then to lead the reform of China upon their return from France. Bailey uses official documents, journals, and memoirs to give a balanced account of educational ideas. He is also able to make useful comparisons...