... to become laborers with dignity, amidst a rising democratic culture of reciprocal equal recognition. [email protected] © 2023 Association for Asian Studies 2023 New Culture Movement manual labor mental labor dignity sympathy On November 16, 1918, a crowd gathered in Beijing's Tiananmen...

... and internalized in the process, and for the purpose, of creating the material prerequisites for Communist society. This point can perhaps be demonstrated by briefly examining the Chinese Communist treatment of the Marxist goal of abolishing the distinction between mental and manual labor. For a variety of reasons...

..., the Labour and Social Service Camps required students to learn the “dignity of manual labour,” offer shramdan (voluntary physical contribution), and experience rural life. The image of the toiling and vigorous camper committed to serving the newly created nation-state came to be constructed as India's...

... treatment of problems in education is generally superficial and his approach to solutions is ritualistic. Thus, after noting evidence from a previous study of his own, that exposure to primary school had such undesirable effects on children as developing a dislike for manual labor, and causing them...

..., in particular, has also argued that anarchist concepts entered a revolutionary discourse that cut across any formal party or ideological affiliation. One such anarchist concept was that of "labor-learning," the integration of intellectual and manual labor as a means of ending class division and social/cultural...

... as developing a dislike for manual labor, and causing them to display a diminished interest in the local community, he states that "in operation to check these unfavorable effects are school programs highlighting . . . the dignity of manual labor; regard for the rural community; and fostering love...

.... The key for Raz is in the employee manuals, which laid out detailed guidelines for appearance and conduct "manual labor" in a double sense! And at the heart of this training is emotion management, which Raz takes up in chapter 4. This was for me the richest and most provocative section of the book. Raz...

... in the value and status attached to manual labor in factories. Whereas people once looked down on all manual labor as inferior, now a factory job looks very attractive compared to agricultural work in the countryside. A blue collar factory job in the city is viewed as even more prestigious than being a teacher...

... for the Ming Tombs Reservoir , and unable to reconcile its manic exuberance with the darker image of manual labor as a punitive disciplinary regime in the thought reform camps. Though methodologically less than ambitious, Literature the People Love is a solid monograph with nuanced and contextualized...

... labor, the desire to attend elite schools, or the desire tofinda marriage partner of at least similar status specifically attributable to yangban culture? The fact that many people in South Korea assert that these are yangban values indeed points to an important element of contemporary South Korean...

... manual labor of the projectionists were featured in an increasing number of Mao-era narratives that celebrated the virtue of collectivity and sacrifice. Projectionists also became an “interface” connecting the films to their rural audiences, as they had to interpret the films for the public, for which...

... for cancer and delivering care to those suffering from the disease materializes and reproduces local values. When evaluating potential causes of cancer that include water contamination, the long-term toll of manual labor, cigarettes, preserved vegetables, and alcohol consumption, villagers gravitate towards...

... and socializing their part-timers, but TDL expends great effort on mobilizing, socializing, and controlling its workforce. The key for Raz is in the employee manuals, which laid out detailed guidelines for appearance and conduct "manual labor" in a double sense! And at the heart of this training is emotion...

... as a route to prestige for disenfranchised middle siblings, makes her argument compelling. One may wonder, though, whether contributions of manual labor were, for "small" people, an equally satisfying source of legitimation. Those who employ the methods of political economy in historical anthropology may...

... the creation of an urban-oriented elite divorced from rural realities, an elitist disdain for manual labor not unlike that of the former Confucian gentry, infatuation with "world trends" and Western models, and the mechanical copying of those models without regard to their suitability or relevance for China...

... monastic experience can help us re-evaluate certain stereotypical views of the Zen tradition at large. Buswell points out, for example, that while Zen has been characterized as bibliophobic, enamored of manual labor and artistic expression, and concerned above all with the sudden realization...

... back. Shirendev is not given to reflection or self-analysis; to see his personality one must read past Shirendev's deep-seated reticence about his personal life. What emerges is the character that Richard Rodriguez described in Hunger ofMemory as the "scholarship boy." Born into a world of manual labor...

... to pay for their schooling, as well as the moral benefits of manual labor. Both groups were then to lead the reform of China upon their return from France. Bailey uses official documents, journals, and memoirs to give a balanced account of educational ideas. He is also able to make useful comparisons...

... on manual laborers, especially the coal miners at Sadong and the oil workers at Miri, is especially valuable, and a useful corrective to those who claim the Brookes discouraged exploitative commercial development. Chinese coolies were kept in near slavery to serve European business and Brooke state...

... inmates. The colonial institutions were more reluctant to abandon mechanical restraints on violent patients than their domestic counterparts, since the alternative involved physical intervention by Indian attendants. They were also less willing to encourage manual labor as a form of therapy, since...