... or striking surfaces of the late Western Chou and early Ch'un-ch'iu-period ritual bronze vessels and bells. These speeches or “spoken” liturgies of legitimation initially focused on the spiritually sanctioned right of the ruler to “charge” a gift recipient, but later simply focused on the right of the vessel...

...Kristofer Schipper Abstract Rituals that accompany community celebrations in China come in two kinds: vernacular and classical. The reason why these two forms exist is not easily explained. To the two forms of liturgy correspond two kinds of specialists: the tao-shi (Taoist dignitary) and the fa...

... for their ecclesiastical order (with leadership vested in “superintendents” who quickly became “bishops”), and a book of liturgy—essentially a reduced version of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. 16 Consequently, the American branch of Methodism is closer in ritual practice to the Church of England than...

... and political differentiation more than to communicate fundamental, deeply held cosmological truths" (p. 43). Thus, Ebrey makes an important contribution to our understanding of the word "liturgy." Against the conventional understanding of liturgy as a set of public or corporate rituals, Ebrey's picture...

... to standardize some liturgical practices, “Thai Buddhists have never, it seems, had a problem developing their own novel liturgies or rituals, nor have they stopped questioning the efficacy of liturgy, meditation, ritual, and analysis.” (pp. 158–59). To put it another way, there seems to be no widespread...

... style of preaching, one monk reads the text, and his fellow monk explains the text, often in the vernacular. Deegalle uses a nineteenth-century printed edition of the Mallikovādasutta to reconstruct the order of the liturgy, referring to earlier baṇapot manuscripts when possible to analyze...

...; regimentation and systematization of religious training and scholarship; and the promotion of uniform liturgies across Geluk monasteries. Each of these topics receives a chapter-length analysis based on a wide range of primary sources—biographies, epistles, constitutions, regulations, charters, liturgies...

... were key members of "liturgies" Max Weber's term for private associations that performed informal localgovernment roles. Local officials, lacking sufficient staff to collect taxes themselves, often relied on merchant guilds to levy taxes on their members and turn over a fixed quota to the state...

... as an exemplary learning center of ritual performances, musical liturgies, and the subjects of arts and sciences or rikné (Tib. rig gnas ), which helped the institution forge a cohesive sensibility across time and space (p. 17). To present how aesthetic practices and materiality connected the religious...

... in religious liturgy. The book explores how political and historical factors create local variation in the forms and extent of public devotion by generating dichotomies between scripture and popular literature, legal texts and organizational strategy, and the beliefs of educated Shia elites and ordinary...

... foundation for the discussion of late imperial and early Republican Zhejiang popular religion, while at the same time illuminating the close relationship between liturgical Daoism and popular ritual traditions. (In addition, several of the liturgies, block-printed in Henan province by a group called...

... ideologies are related in modern China. Hymes only speaks of cultural models, not of socially based ideologies that elaborate these models. The example on which the book's argument is built (e.g., the apparent contradiction between local cults and the Taoist liturgy) emphasizes cooperation and negotiation...

... and the origins of orthodox Taoist liturgy. Stein's groundbreaking work suggests a hermeneutics of Chinese religion and its historical and sociological process. Hisayuki Miyakawa and Richard Mather present two papers in the historical tradition, the third and fourth of the series, that are faultless...

... liturgical Daoism and popular ritual traditions. (In addition, several of the liturgies, block-printed in Henan province by a group called the Shude Tang, raise interesting questions regarding the transmission of such scriptures.) Texts are reproduced in their entirety, though unfortunately not all...

... Catholic groups, and nonbelievers on attitudes toward the Church and on moral questions. The topics on which respondants were questioned include involvement in "ancestor rites," motives for baptism and prayer, proposed changes in Church liturgy, and attitudes toward other religions. The survey appears...

... strength in this area of East Java. In response to Islam's perceived threat, Tengger priests began to incorporate elements of Muslim lore and liturgy into public Tengger ritual. At the same time, elements of specifically Hindu-Shivaite tradition were purposely deemphasized in public religious statements...

... SCHIPPER Pages 21-57 Rituals that accompany community celebrations in China come in two kinds: vernacular and classical. The reason why these two forms exist is not easily explained. To the two forms of liturgy correspond two kinds of specialists: the tao-shi (Taoist dignitary) and the fa-shih (Master...

... religious orders, except for Nichiren Shōshū. In like manner, although McLaughlin's comparison of Ikeda's observance of the Gakkai's ceremony and imperial pageantry as political rituals during the Meiji era (pp. 97–98) is compelling, indications of the Gakkai's liturgy as public rites of a mimetic nation...

... millennium ce , while chapter 6 very helpfully reconstructs two liturgies performed by Kongzi's seventy-first-generation descendant, illustrating the type of ritual that was for centuries among the most important and characteristic element of the Confucian tradition. Finally, in the excellently titled...

... (“liturgies”). Benei makes an interesting chapter carry more analytical weight than its ethnography can perhaps sustain, as she goes through several arguments: about a universal reliance on music for binding groups together, then on a particular indigenous belief in word efficacy and a “homology between...