..., this chapter of Japanese history has been accepted in historiography as a dark and formless era of war and trouble. Japanese historians have dismissed the Sengoku period as a time of ge-koku-jō when the political order was capriciously turned upside down by unworthy leaders. The colorful Western historian...

... Jūrōzaemon, born into a 300-koku family, was adopted by a family with 250 koku. SK, VII, 106. In Owari, Matsudaira Yasunaga, a junior son of the first daimyo, Yoshinao, was adopted by a family with 2,500 koku. The adopting family was, however, related to the daimyo, had had daimyo status (40,000 koku...

... (Tokyo, 1948), p. 46. Between 1873 and 1885 the average yield of middle-class paddy fields in Japan increased from 1.312 to 1.672 koku per tan (27.4 per cent). At the same time, the share of product transferred from tenant to landlord decreased from 68 to 58 per cent. Using the rice prices from Table...

... kenkyū (A study of the historical geography of the Kinki) ( Tokyo , 1958 ), pp. 232 – 236 . The official productive capacity of the two largest han in the Kinai were only 200,000 and 100,000 koku of rice. 19 Generally speaking, the Bakufu was favorably disposed toward the chōnin in its...

... to convert from cash to rice, the following equivalents were used: 80 kflmme copper = 1 \o\ti rice; I \amme silver = 1 . 5 kp\u rice; 8 ryo gold = I koku rice. The last, especially, differs sharply from the rate (1 ryo = 1 ^o which is usually accepted for earlier years; but it is the rate most commonly found...

... ), 464 . 46 Jirō Miyauchi , p. 1113 . 47 Hachihirō Matsuda , “Hontō Beisaku wa Keizai teki Shihi ni yori Shōshū Hyakuman Koku o Zōsan su” (“Increasing Taiwan's Rice Production by Several Million Koku by Means of Green Manure Crops”) , Taiwan Nōjihō , CXXIX ( 08...

... and numbered. In the map's lower left corner, in the space where Edo Bay should be, is a large table listing 240 daimyo, arranged in order of political status (gauged by the daimyo's relationship to the Tokugawa house) and by wealth (in koku of rice; one koku equals 5.1 bushels). Beginning at the top right...

...Edward Fowler Many stories in this polyphonic, polyvalent collection, most obviously “Foreign Husband,” Frozen Mouth , and “Koku,” are intensely concerned with voice—in particular the voice of those languishing in internal exile. All who have felt the tug of more than one home and language can...

... to enter on here. It is only fair to confess that I for one suspect so. TOKUGAWA LAND TAX 15 Ohama Village A s a i County, Omi Province-, Koriyama Fief (figures in ten-year averages) 70 280 W Percent of assessed yield 50 taken by land tax Queued yield 240 in koku of rice 200 40 30 Date 1680 70 1700 10 10...

... of early modern Japan lacked anything resembling a modern state. In the eighteenth century the shogunate, or bakufu, exerted direct control over land assessed at over four million koku, roughly 15 percent of Japan.2 Another 10 percent was entrusted to liege vassals {hatamoto), who staffed the shogunate's...

... such as the Ōuchi, who controlled the Inland Sea and bent the Murakami and others to their will. Shapinsky ends his account by revealing how the Tokugawa, in establishing their hegemony, prohibited the Japanese from sailing abroad or owning ships larger than 500 koku in 1635 (p. 263), and his Murakami...

... – 101 . Toshokan Okinawa Kenritsu , ed. 1992 . Rekidai hŀan, kŀtei-bon (The Rekidai Hŀan) . Naha, Japan : Okinawa-ken kyŀiku iinkai . Ryukyū-kokū kyuki . 1962 . In Ryūkyū shiryŀ sŀsho, dai-1 (Collected Sources of Ryukyuan History, vol. 1), edited by Iha Fuyū et al. Tokyo : Inoue shobŀ...

... into sections. A basic problem was revealed early and clearly in the nature of the original regulations, called "Class and Staff Ordinances."18 Classification by social position was to be abolished in favor of staff position. By this time, the Governor had acquired an official annual salary 600 koku of rice...

... Monjo, Ukeharai shūnō yorozu haraikatachō , copy, Kanei 6 (1629). 575 koku of rice sent by ship from Nafune Gumi , Fugeshi Gun , Noto no Kuni to Tsuruga. Sato Mura Tarozaemon Tomura Monjo, Shio ukeharaichō , copy, Kanei 15 (1638). 860 hyō of salt sent by ship from Nafune Gumi to Niigata...

... koku = 5.1 bushels in 1801; Japanese domains were measured by estimated yield), assigning the younger brother, Nanbu Shigenobu, 80,000 koku to continue the Morioka line, while the other brother, Naofusa, received the remaining 20,000 koku. This 20,000koku parcel became Hachinohe domain. In 1665...

... no ishin undo to sono haikei" ("The Restoration Movement of Satsuma-han and its Background at the End of the Bakufu Government Saitama daigaku kiyo, IV (Special No. 1955), 98. Oyama states that the salary land given to goshi averaged a yield of twenty koku. However, Haraguchi's study indicates...

... ) . 2 “The Growth Rate of Japanese Agricultural Production, 1878–1882 to 1912–1917: A Critical Analysis of Conflicting Hypotheses” (mimeographed). 3 Ibid., p. 55. One koku = 4.9629 bushels; one tan = .245 acres. 4 The rejection of the official yields is what really matters...

... on population density should be of special interest. On the latter subject Sekiyama works out a rule of thumb that the population of any given domain was roughly equivalent to its rice production as measured in koku. The specialist should be grateful for such bits of practical information and the systematic way...