...Michael H. Hunt Abstract According to prevailing historical opinion, the United States made reasonable claims against China after the Boxer rising in 1900 and later spontaneously remitted the surplus indemnity as an act of friendship. In gratitude, the Chinese freely determined to use the returned...

... by saying that the full powers of both the French and Spanish plenipotentiaries who negotiated the treaty had mentioned only the teaching of the Christian religion and freedom of commerce. But the treaty had imposed upon Annam not only an indemnity but also a cession of territory, and territory constituted...

... and the Kuominchiin are mentioned; in later reports the necessity to suppress the Communist threat is suggested as a cause of large military expenses. 10 For a more detailed study of expenditures for debt and indemnity service see Appendix C. 10 FAR EASTERN QUARTERLY and intended for Western circulation. It is also...

... and a charge d'affaires at the capital, but without asking for territory or other indemnity.2 Attempts at negotiation were prolonged and at the end of the year, Page was ordered to rejoin the fleet in China, where the French and English were cooperating in the war against China. He evacuated Tourane and left...

... protocol of 1901 concerned the Boxer Indemnity ( ibid. , 310). The agreements with Japan established spheres of influence in North China ( ibid. , 643, 803, 899; 2: 1327). 3 Izvestiia , August 26, 1919, 1. 4 Chicherin to the Fifth Congress of Soviets in July 1918 ( ibid. , July 5, 1918...

... until China could repulse the Japanese. For details, see Inō (n. 15 above), III, p. 990; also IHD , pp. 196–97. 41 As conditions for peace, along with the cession of Liaotung and Taiwan and an indemnity, Japan demanded Chinese agreement to conclude a commercial treaty on the same basis...

... and to Europe, he pleaded Japan s case for less discriminatory treaties. These endeavors nally bore fruit when he was able to induce Congress to return the B O O K R E V I E W S J A P A N 799 Shimonoseki indemnity paid out by the Bakufu under duress in 1864. It is dif cult to quibble with his judgment...

...David V. Tucker The 1895 victory over China made this possible. Japan forced China to convert the indemnity (often in accounts of the war reckoned in silver taels) into gold-denominated British sterling—£38 million—and deposited it into the account of the Yokohama Specie Bank at the Bank...

..., it delivered at times up to half of all Chinese government revenue; that customs revenue was, in turn, pledged against foreign loans the Chinese had to raise overseas, mainly so as to defray the indemnities China was forced to pay to foreigners, having lost the Opium Wars and subsequent confrontations...

... indemnity paid out by the Bakufu under duress in 1864. It is dif cult to quibble with his judgment that the indemnity was unjust, but his participation in the journalistic whitewash of the atrocities perpetrated by Japanese troops at Port Arthur in 1895 is hardly to his credit, although it ensured...

..., and new merchant-capitalist groups in the treaty ports), the savings from these groups as well as from gentry and officials were insufficiently mobilized and ineffectively used to accelerate industrialization. Furthermore, with Ch'ing coffers virtually empty and the government committed to heavy indemnity...

... of control and even the heretofore irenic Mainichi joined the demand for immediate action. The ultra-nationalistic Kokumin and the Nichi Nichi even went so far as to suggest what peace terms Japan should impose at the end of the conflict; namely, a large indemnity (to be paid in gold), a new Sino-Japanese...

... missionaries, members of the Rockefeller Foundation's China Medical Board, American advocates of the Boxer indemnity fellowship program, and Chinese returning to their country after technical educations in the United States. Missionary historians and those interested in medical education will find this book...

..., and educational institutions in China; the cultural and pedagogical aid employed by the Japanese with the Boxer Indemnity funds; and the Japanese-run press throughout China. Huang's brief introduction is helpful in sorting out the origins, names, and interests of many of the Japanese organizations involved...

... as the Riots Damage Ordinance, appointing and instructing special commissioners, and directing punishment of and collecting indemnity for damage done by rioters.50 Four Punjabi troopers, ordered to accompany each commissioner, were directed to "shoot at once any person armed with dangerous weapon who does...

... billion war indemnities. Professor Ouchi also analyzes the failure of the new currency issued in March 1946 to stop inflation and concludes that the constant demands of workers for increased wages and the collusion of banks and big business to avoid the regulations were 364 THE FAR EASTERN QUARTERLY...

...) agreements concerning the capital and surrounding area (d) incidents concerning foreign mis- sionaries in various provinces (e) the punishment of Boxer leaders and implicated officials (f) the dispatch of a special envoy to Japan (g) repairs to foreign missions and other indemnities (h) negotiations...

..., it complained, had been too willing to accept China's excuses and indemnities and had not insisted upon independent inquiries. As a result, the guilty perpetrators of riots were never brought to justice. The Peking and Tientsin Times exploded in indignation over the Szechwan outrage and demanded something more...

.... For college, Ping-ti Ho enrolled at Tsinghua University, which had a reputation for access to education abroad. He sat twice for the Boxer Indemnity Fellowship examination, once in 1940, when the designated field was economic history, and again in 1944, when the field was early modern Europe. Ho won...

... the effects of van der Capellen's decrees upon his immediate environment (Walraven Van Nes, 147). 58 Arrangements for the indemnity payments differed between Soerakarta and Djokjakarta; in the last state all refunds were to be made directly from the sultan's treasury, in Soerakarta, from the money...