... Memorandum no. 91, op. cit. 23 Ministry of Welfare, Administrativé Memorandum no. 165, Integration of hōmen-iin with chōnai-kai and buraku-kai, November 19, 1941. 24 On October 19, 1946, in an effort to improve the welfare system without reviving the almost defunct tonari-gumi...

...) of 1938. Despite the meticulously detailed administration extending through hamlets (bwaku) to neighborhood associations (tonari-gumi), staple foods were neither equitably collected or distributed. Several reasons for this are suggested. It is regrettable, however, that the author does not analyze...

.... The second half of the book is a case study of the several doshin gumi in the Owari han. These were groups of low-ranking samurai, numbering twelve to twenty members a gumi, who usually constituted the main core of retainers in any han. The doshin were associated with a host of functions, ranging from...

... Association ( Manshū gijutsu kyōkaishi ). Thus Sup'ung Dam was more than an individual engineering project but also closely tied to the centers of knowledge production linking colony and metropole. Nishimatsu-gumi and Hazama-gumi, two construction companies with experience building dams and other...

... of the kado also co-operated in rendering compulsory public labor services.33 To facilitate tax collection, the kado was subdivided into groups of five households igonin gumi') to which every person was obliged to belong. Members of the gonin gumi again assumed mutual responsibility, so that if one of its...

... Monjo, Ukeharai shūnō yorozu haraikatachō , copy, Kanei 6 (1629). 575 koku of rice sent by ship from Nafune Gumi , Fugeshi Gun , Noto no Kuni to Tsuruga. Sato Mura Tarozaemon Tomura Monjo, Shio ukeharaichō , copy, Kanei 15 (1638). 860 hyō of salt sent by ship from Nafune Gumi to Niigata...

... unity. Thus, national unity inevitably resulted from their policy of fostering an Indonesian language, a standard educational system, and a variety of organizations such as tonari-gumi (neighborhood associations) and Seinen-dan (Youth Corps). 120 FAR EASTERN QUARTERLY Welcomed at first as liberators...

... , January 3, 2017, http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/polibar/777166.html (accessed April 4, 2017). 9 See Steven Borowiec, “Dispatch from Gumi: Park Geun-Hye's Sins Taint Father's Legacy,” Korea Expose , December 22, 2016, https://koreaexpose.com/gumi-park-geun-hye-sins-taints-father...

... that the average Japanese was just plain scared of them, and wanted to have nothing to do with them. In reaching those who had been, by lot, selected for interview, we found that using guides from the rationing office, or from the local community clubs (lonari gumi), "brought much better results than when...

...), pp. I33f. For Mabuchi Kahei, Hirao Michio, “Tempō ‘Okoze gumi’ shimatsu,” Tosa shidan, No. 36 (Kōchi, 1931), pp. 23-33. 17 Hirao Michio, Takechi Zuizan to Tosa Kinnōtō (Tokyo, 1943), p. 34. 18 Hirao, Takechi Zuizan, p. 4. 19 His followers often referred to him...

... of the Philippines. Also, Municipality of Alangalang, Official Program, etc. 24 MS. Jorge B. Vargas, (Chairman of Exec. Comm.) Exec. Order No. 77 Sec. 1 Aug. 7, 1942; amended March 17, 1943. 25 Clearly, the Japanese tonari-gumi served as the model of the Neighborhood Association. 26 MS...

... is determined by age. These are the wakashu gumi (youth group), the chuko gumi (adult group), and the dorei shudan (groups of persons of the same age). 3. Economic confraternities. These are the tanomoshi ko (for mutual loans); the futon ko (for mutual help in making bedding); the dayakoifor mutual help...

.... This study, "The tonari-gumi system as an instrument of governance in Japan from 1940 to 1945" was accepted as a master's thesis at Syracuse University. Mr. Braibanti is continuing his studies for the doctorate in government at Syracuse University. His dissertation, also to be based on data collected...

.... What can be done with it is shown by studies by the late Professor Nomura Kanetaro on gonin-gumi cho and mura meisaicho, of which he himself had formed a large collection. An enormous number of studies of particular villages or districts have been made using village records. Commercial Records: Trade...

..., the World Atlas Kakawin ( Kakawin Atlas Bumi ); a geopolitical text, the Treatise on the Realm of France ( Tutur Kahananing Gumi Prañcis ); and a historical text, the Tale of the Russo-Japanese War ( Awi-awian Payudan Rus-Jepang ). 1 I was initially drawn to these texts by their titles and thematic...

... Litcraturnaya gazeta, Feb. BRAIBANTI, RALPH J. D. The Tonari-Gumi 1, 1947. system as an instrument of governance in HODCE, JOHN R. With the U. S. army in Japan from 1940 to 1945. "Unpublished Korea. National geographic magazine, 91 Master's thesis, Syracuse university library." (June 1947), 829-840. illus., map...

... the Tokugawa wakamono-gumi (or later, the seinendan) for the local youth, the special interest clubs, the village meeting iyoriai) all exemplify the horizontal linkages that existed within the village. Membership in the different groups was overlapping; no single structure entrapped its participants, partly...

... as to the fundamental units of samurai organization; where Ito Tasaburo argues that most samurai in domains were organized into ban or gumi (band) units, Asao Naohiro SAMURAI STATUS, CLASS, AND BUREAUCRACY 369 maintains that samurai group structure continued to be based on attachment to a family or household (It5 1969...

.... The nature of speech according to Japanese proverbs. Journal of American folklore %\ (Jan./Mar. 1968), 34-43. 4689. Flershem, Robert G. Case studies of social change in the region of Oshimizu Gumi. MN 23, no. 3/4 (1968), 431-443. 4690. Furusho, Toshiyuki. On the manifestation of genotypes responsible...