... grouped under the title of “The Ever-Normal Granary” had been inspired by ancient Chinese practice. Because of the importance of Wang An-shih (1021–86) in Chinese economic thought, and because of the existence of a considerable literature on Wang in English, I had supposed that it was he who might have...

...William T. Rowe Nourish the People: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650–1850 . By Pierre-Étienne Will and R. Bin Wong , with James Lee . Ann Arbor : The University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies; Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies , Volume 60 , 1991 . 631 pp...

.... State Granaries and Food Supply in Qing China, 1650–1850 , ed. by Lee James , Will Pierre-Etienne , and Wong R. Bin . Ann Arbor : Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan . With contributions by Jean C. Oi, Peter C. Perdue, and R. Bin Wong. Qingshilu jingji ziliao jiyao...

... Ugawa . Ithaca and London : Cornell University Press . “Jiaqing shisinian Tongzhou liangcang lixu wubi an ” [Cases of malfeasance by Tongzhou granary clerks in Jiaqing 14]. 1990 . Lishi dang’an 1 : 44 – 55 . Kaplan Steven L. 1976 . Bread, Politics and Political Economy in the Reign...

... York : Aldine . Buck David D. 1980 . “Imperially Inspired Philanthropy in the Qing: The Case of Granaries in the Early Eighteenth Century.” Workshop paper. Chang K. C. , ed. 1977 . Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives . New Haven, Conn. : Yale...

... in money and partly in grain drawn from the gov- ernment granaries, as long as they remained on active duty; a common soldier received about 1% 1b. of rice per day.5 In the early nineteenth century the total annual grain ration allotted by statute to the Peking garrison was approximately 2,400,000 piculs...

... of the Yellow River) areas strained local resources {Sui shu:24.682). Daxingcheng located in the Guanzhong area became especially vulnerable to famines. Protected by mountain passes, the Guanzhong area was difficult to access by water or land transportation. The granaries of the capital area were inadequately...

...: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650-1850. PIERRE-ETIENNE WILL and R. BIN W O N G , with JAMES LEE. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies; Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies, Volume 60, 1991. 631 pp. $40.00 (cloth); $25.00 (paper). By In his magisterial I960 work...

... for future research. New views on old data are useful, especially in the historical sciences. Marcia Fentress has a new and reasonable view of the function "granaries" at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Examining again the excavation data on these structures, she notes the absence of any "small find" associations...

... governments. They endeavored, on the other hand, to conserve the peasants' ability to pay their taxes by extending to them material aid, partly through a network of local granaries, officially called She-cb'ang or l-cb'ang, which either made loans to farmers in times of need or gave relief in case of disaster...

... circumstances and facilitate virtuous rule by officials. His reputation as a killjoy notwithstanding, he encouraged commoners to distill liquor in the hope that the Ryukyuan people would consume their way to national prosperity. Mark Ravina's essay on “Confucian banking” describes community granaries ( shasō...

...-general, BOOK REVIEWS CHINA 595 became a well-respected specialist on famine relief and compiled works on both water conservancy and granaries. According to Will, the Zhenji is outstanding among the famine relief handbooks for being not merely a theoretical treatise, but also the record of an actual event...

... bureaucracy and pursued their interests locally. Implementation of the earlier confidence in active governmental intervention in the market economy is well illustrated in Paul Smith's study of the Ever-Normal Granaries intendancies and what he calls the Tea and Horse Agency under Wang An-shih's New Policies...

... in the northwest, had achieved a considerable degree of grain market integration by the eighteenth century, promoted in large part by the state through its military-provisioning and granary systems. Perdue points out that two of the storied achievements of eighteenth-century China, territorial expansion...

... and merchants, foreign firms, and his superiors in Hankow. In late autumn the prefect of Changsha, Yii P'ing-yuan, alarmed by private hoarding and the shortage of public reserves, tried to force wealthy citizens to surrender 70 per cent of their grain reserves to government granaries. Wang Hsien-ch'ien and Yeh...

... of abbreviations that are used throughout all of the articles, although all of the abbreviations do not occur in each article. CZCC Caizheng cangchu [Fiscal affairs: Granary storage]. A modern category in the Number One Historical Archives in Beijing. Cited by reign date with memorialist's name and position. FZ...

... in the Pacific, 228 Hangchow: Clayton, 76 Bodde, Derk, Henry A. Wallace and the Ever- health: Sze, 77 Normal Granary, 411 history, modern: Rosinger, 234; Tong, 237 with Pritchard, Far Eastern Bibliography 1945, 362 Book Notes, 92, 243, 474 war: Pan Chao-ying, 70 labor movement: Wales, 73 social conditions: Lin...

... for the elimination of falseness]. In Lü-tzu i-shu . Shih-i Lu . 1889 a. “Ch'ang-p'ing ch'üan-fa” [An expedient method for an ever-normal (granary)]. In Lu 1889c. Shih-i Lu . 1889 b. Chih-hsüeh lu [A record of regulating study]. In Lu 1889c. Shih-i Lu . 1889 c Lu Fu-t'ing hsien-sheng i-shu...

... was to give the official in charge a "harsh rebuke." (p. 1254) His experiences as a president of the Board of Revenue were not more encouraging. On September 29, 1890, he and several of his colleagues went to inspect the government granaries. Not a single functionary was there to meet them. Instead, "loafers...

... and Taxes on Trade" is concerned with the salt monopoly and liquor and tea taxes. Chapter Four, "Currency and Credit," includes a survey of T'ang "Government Money Policy." The chief problem was the provision of adequate coinage. Chapter Five on "The Transportation System" deals with canals and granaries...