...John S. LoBreglio Neither Monk nor Layman: Clerical Marriage in Modern Japanese Buddhism . By Richard M. Jaffe . Princeton : Princeton University Press , 2001 . xxii , 288 pp. $42.50 (cloth). Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2003 2003 BOOK REVIEWS JAPAN 617...

... to inform and stimulate research for many years to come. J. MARSHALL UNGER The Ohio State University The Origins ofJapan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century. Edited by JEFFREY P. MASS. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. ix, 504 pp. $65.00. Debates...

...Charles Morrison Abstract The term munshi (scribe) usually refers to the clerical assistants employed by Indian lawyers ( vakils ), particularly by those who practice at the district and subdivisional courts at the lowest level of the legal system. The majority of vakils maintain only the most...

.... It combined assemblies, banquets, and private audiences, at which thousands of gifts were exchanged. It was attended by all the major parties with a stake in the Tibetan polity, including government officials, lay and clerical elites, and patrons from Mongolia and China. The article summarizes the proceedings...

... history of Daoist clerics and their institutions in Beijing between 1800 and 1949, Vincent Goossaert provides us with a well-informed and insightful analysis of these and many other issues related to Daoism as a religion in the evolving urban history of modern Beijing and elsewhere in China. The book...

... but also the lack of an independent bourgeoisie (p. 64). Yet while the text devotes dozens of pages to the repression of intellectuals and the crafting of the cleric-state alliance, it is empirically thin on the marginalization of the bourgeoisie. That gap raises concerns about how far the argument travels...

... in archives in Linxia, Lanzhou, Beijing, Hong Kong, Harvard, and Princeton, consulting sources in Chinese and English, and conducted numerous interviews with Muslim clerics, Hui and Han officials engaged in work in ethnic minority affairs, and residents of the area. The result is a deeply researched...

... liated clerics (ulema) all Sunni traditionalists and proponents of Su piety decided to form the island s rst Islamic-law-protection committee, Jameyyathu Himayathi Shareeathil Islamiya (JHSI). Not long after its founding, the group issued an extraordinary fatwa. An innocuous legal ruling on obscure...

... it will become. STEVEN D. CARTER University of California, Irvine Neither Monk nor Layman: Clerical Marriage in Modern Japanese Buddhism. By RICHARD M. JAFFE. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. xxii, 288 pp. $42.50 (cloth). It is well known that Japanese Buddhist institutions are unique in world...

... an earlier tradition, for Buriat clerics had lauded the czars as embodiments of the revered White Tara despite the state's restrictions upon Buddhism. Nikolay Tsyrempilov's Under the Shadow of White Tara focuses on such complex interactions between Buriat Buddhism and imperial authorities that were shaped...

... laicization" (p. 94): clerical status no longer entailed legal benefits and was now no different from any other occupation. Jaffe counters the common perception of these moves as attempts by the Meiji government to destroy Buddhism. First, by situating these changes in the context of laws dissolving...

...: the two abbots of Nanputuo since the Cultural Revolution; the successive clerics who occupied the temple s six administrative departments; students and teachers in the Minnan Buddhist Academy; dozens of clergy and devotees associated with Nanputuo; the heads and secretaries of the local Xiamen Buddhist...

...Figure 5. a to c. Clerical script. a . Dog. b. Human. c. Crippled person. d to f. Regular script. d . Dog. e. Human. f. Crippled person. ...

... with diverse local loyalties. Their chief headache, it turns out, are the Spanish missionaries mainly Benedictine and Jesuit who, boasting a great deal of local support, are able to resist or delay their expulsion from their parishes. Clerical resistance is boosted by the appearance of a Filipino ally...

... and for their apotropaic powers, that is, their ability to deliver this-worldly bene ts. Emperors, clerics, aristocrats (both male and female), and samurai all used the relics for their own goals, which ranged from reinforcement of temporal authority to rebirth in the Pure Land. Ruppert de nes authority as the possession...

... and Environment in Ceylon ,” Journal of Commonwealth Political Studies , II, 3 (November, 1964 ), 253 – 266 . 23 See Reports on the Visit …, pp. 53, 58. 24 Government Clerical Service Union, 44th Annual Report (Part I), 1964–65 (Colombo, 1965), passim . 25 Figures on 1961 union...

... the ninth to the fourteenth centuries, both for the spiritual authority that they conveyed and for their apotropaic powers, that is, their ability to deliver this-worldly bene ts. Emperors, clerics, aristocrats (both male and female), and samurai all used the relics for their own goals, which ranged from...

... scholars to expect contributions in such a volume to provide fresh new insights. Yet Marc Gaborieau's conclusion "Pakistan is a State founded on and made legitimate by a religious ideology; [but] real power is not in the hands of the clerics" (p. 192) is not exactly news to South Asianists. To say...