Abstract

As recently as one decade ago, there was no “field” of Chinese demography. There were virtually no demographers of China and little available data. It is fair to say that China was at once the largest and the least known of any human population.

The change has been sudden. New sources of data now place China among the better-documented national populations. Publications on Chinese population have boomed. In consequence, we can now speak of a field of Chinese demography, although it is hardly in a steady “state.” We can only outline the explosion of demographic research that is continually expanding and refining our understanding of Chinese population today and in the past. This outpouring of data and knowledge provides unprecedented opportunities for the study of Chinese society and offers unusual challenges to our understanding of comparative population dynamics.

The text of this article is only available as a PDF.

List of References

Aird, John.
1982
. “
Population Studies and Population Policy in China
.”
Population and Development Review
8.2:
267
–
297
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Aird, John.
1990
.
Slaughter of the Innocents: Coercive Birth Control in China
.
Washington D.C.
:
American Enterprise Institute
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Anthony, Lawrence, Lee, James, and Suen, Alice.
1988
. “Liaoning sheng chengren siwang lu, 1796–1819” [Adult mortality in Liaoning, 1796–1819]. In
Qingzhu diyi lishi dang'an guan liushi zhounian lunwenji
[Proceedings of the symposium on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the first historical archives].
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
, vol.
2
,
885
–
898
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Arnold, Fred and Liu, Zhaoxiang.
1986
. “
Sex Preference for Children in China
.”
Population and Development Review
12
:
221
–
246
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ashton, Basil, Hill, Kenneth, Piazza, Alan, and Zeitz, Robin.
1984
. “
Famine in China, 1958–61
.”
Population and Development Review
10
.
4
:
613
–
645
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Banister, Judith.
1987
.
China's Changing Population
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Banister, Judith.
1990
.
“China: Mortality and Health Under the Economic Reforms.”
Paper presented to the School of Public Health, Harvard University,
March 1990
.
Google Scholar
Banister, Judith and Preston, Samuel H..
1981
. “
Mortality in China
.”
Population and Development Review
7
.
1
:
98
–
110
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Barclay, George W.
1954
.
Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan
.
Princeton
:
Princeton University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Barclay, George W., Coale, Ansley J., Stoto, Michael A., and Trussell, T. James.
1976
. “
A Reassessment of the Demography of Traditional Rural China
.”
Population Index
42
.
4
:
606
–
635
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Bielenstein, Hans.
1987
. “
Chinese Historical Demography A.D. 2–1982
.” In
Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
59
:
1
–
288
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Birdsall, Nancy, and Jamison, Dean T..
1983
. “
Income and Other Factors Influencing Fertility in China
.”
Population and Development Review
9
.
4
:
651
–
675
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Bongaarts, John, and Greenhalgh, Susan.
1985
. “
An Alternative to the One-Child Policy in China
.”
Population and Development Review
11
:
585
–
618
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Campbell, Cameron, Feng, Wang, and Lee, James. Forthcoming. “Female Infanticide in the Qing Imperial Clan.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Central Patriotic Health Movement Committee and Ministry of Health
.
1988
.
1984 nian quanguo xiyan chouyang diaocha huibian
[Compendium of data from the 1984 National Smoking Sample Survey].
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
Chan, Kam Wing.
1988
. “
Rural-Urban Migration in China, 1950–1982: Estimates and Analysis
.”
Urban Geography
9
.
1
:
53
–
84
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Chao, Kang.
1986
.
Man and Land in Chinese History
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Junshi, Chen, Campbell, Colin, Junyao, Li, and Peto, Richard.
1990
.
Diet, Life-Style, and Mortality in China
.
Ithaca
:
Cornell University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Chen, Pi-Chao, and Kols, Adrienne.
1982
. “Population and Birth Planning in the People's Republic of China.” Population Reports. Series J. No. 25.
Google Scholar
Chen, Ta.
1946
.
Population in Modern China
.
New York
:
Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. Reprinted 1974
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Chiao, C. M., Thompson, W. S., and Chen, D. T..
1938
.
An Experiment in the Registration of Vital Statistics in China
.
Oxford, Ohio
:
Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
China Cancer Atlas Editorial Committee
.
1979
.
Zhonghua renmin gongheguo exing zhongliu dituji
[PRC Cancer Atlas]. Shanghai
:
Zhonghua dituxueshe
.
Google Scholar
China Financial & Economic Publishing House
.
1988
.
New China's Population
.
New York
:
MacMillan
.
Google Scholar
China Population Information Center
.
1984
.
Analysis of China's National One-per-Thousand-Population Fertility Sampling Survey
.
Beijing
:
China Population Information Center
.
Google Scholar
Cho, Lee-Jay, Retherford, Robert D. and Choe, Minja Kim.
1986
.
The Own-children Method of Fertility Estimation
.
Honolulu
:
University of Hawaii Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
He, Chun.
1988
. “
Zhongguo renkou qianyi yu chengzhenhua xueshu taolunhui zongshu
” [A summary report of the conference on migration and urbanization in China]. In
Zhongguo renkou kexue
[Population Science of China]
3
:
59
–
63
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Coale, Ansley J.
1984
.
Rapid Population Change in China
, 1952–1982. Committee on Population and Demography, Report No. 27.
Washington, D.C.
:
National Academy Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Coale, Ansley J.;
1985
. “
Fertility in Rural China: A Reconfirmation of the Barclay Reassessment
.” In Hanley, and Wolf, 1985:
186
–
195
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Coale, Ansley J. and Chen, Shengli.
1987
.
“Basic Data on Fertility in the Provinces of China, 1940–82.”
Paper of the East-West Population Institute,
no. 104. East-West Center, Honolulu
.
Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark.
1973
.
The Pattern of the Chinese Past
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Feeney, Griffith, and Jingyuan, Yu.
1987
. “
Period Parity Progression Ratio Measures of Fertility in China
.”
Population Studies
41
:
77
–
102
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Feeney, Griffith, Feng, Wang, Mingkun, Zhou, and Baoyu, Xiao.
1989
. “
Recent Fertility Dynamics in China: Results from the 1987 One Percent Population Survey
.”
Population and Development Review
15
, 2:
297
–
322
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Tung, Fei Hsiao et al
1986
.
Small Towns in China—Functions, Problems and Prospects
.
Beijing
:
New World Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Finegan, Michael H., and Telford, Ted A..
1988
“
Qing Archival Materials from the Number One Archives on Microfilm at the Genealogical Society of Utah
.”
Late Imperial China
9
.
2
:
86
–
114
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Freedman, Maurice.
1961
. “
The Family in China, Past and Present
.”
Pacific Affairs
54
.
4
:
323
–
336
. Reprinted in Modern China, ed. Albert Feuerwerker (Englewood Cliffs 1964, 27–40); and in The Study of Chinese Society: Essays by Maurice Freedman, ed. G. William Skinner (Stanford University Press 1979, 240–254).
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Freedman, Ronald, Zhenyu, Xiao, Bohua, Li, and Lavely, William.
1988
a. “
Local Area Variation in Reproductive Behavior in the People's Republic of China, 1973–1982
.”
Population Studies
42
:
39
–
57
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Freedman, Ronald, Zhenyu, Xiao, Bohua, Li, and Lavely, William.
1988
b. “
Education and Fertility in Two Chinese Provinces: 1967–1970 to 1979–1982
.”
Asia-Pacific Population Journal
3
.
1
:
3
–
30
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ge, Jianxiong.
1981
.
Xihan renkou dili
[Western Han Population Geography].
Beijing
:
Renmin chubanshe
, 1986.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Goldstein, Sidney.
1985
. “Urbanization in China: New Insights from the 1982 Census.” Papers of the East-West Population Institute No. 93.
Google Scholar
Goldstein, Sidney and Goldstein, Alice.
1985
. “Population Mobility in the People's Republic of China.” Papers of the East-West Population Institute No. 95.
Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan.
1986
. “
Shifts in China's Population Policy
.”
Population and Development Review
12
:
491
–
515
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan.
1988
. “
Fertility as Mobility: Sinitic Transitions
,”
Population and Development Review
14
.
4
:
629
–74.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan.
1990
. “
Population Studies in China: Privileged Past, Anxious Future
.”
The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs
24
:
1
–
28
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Hanley, Susan B. and Wolf, Arthur P., eds.
1985
.
Family and Population in East Asian History
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Hardee-Cleaveland, Karen and Banister, Judith.
1988
. “
Fertility Policy and Implementation in China, 1986–88
.”
Population and Development Review
14
.
2
:
245
–
286
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Harrell, Stevan.
1985
. “
The Rich Get Children: Segmentation, Stratification, and Population in Three Chekiang Lineages, 1550–1850
.” In Hanley, and Wolf, 1985:
81
–
109
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Harrell, Stevan.
1987
. “
On the Holes in Chinese Genealogies
.”
Late Imperial China
8
.
2
:
53
–
79
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Harrell, Stevan. ed. Forthcoming.
Chinese Lineage Demography
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Google Scholar
Harrell, Stevan and Pullum, Tom. Forthcoming. “Marriage Mortality and the Developmental Cycles in Xiaoshan Lineages.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Hartwell, Robert.
1990
. “Societal Organization and Demographic Change: Catastrophe, Agrarian Technology, and Interregional Population Trends in Traditional China.” In
Le peuplement du monde avant 1800
, ed. Fauve-Chamoux, Antoinette.
Liege
:
Editions Derouaux Ordina
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Hazelton, Keith. Forthcoming. “Crisis Mortality in Ming and Qing Anhui.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Hazelton, Keith and Lixing, Tang.
1989
. “Ming Qing Huizhou dili renkou tanzheng” [The geography and population of Ming Qing Huizhou].
Google Scholar
Zhongguo shehui jingji shi yanjiu
[Studies in Chinese socio-economic history]
1
:
31
–
38
.
Google Scholar
Ho, Ping-Ti.
1959
.
Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953
.
Cambridge
:
Harvard University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ho, Ping-Ti.
1970
. “An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China.”
Etudes Song: Demographie
(
Paris
),
34
–
53
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Huang, Philip.
1985
.
Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Huang, Philip.
1990
.
The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta 1350–1988
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Shengzhang, Huang.
1980
. “
Tangdai hukou de fenbu yu bianqian
” [The distribution and change of population during the Tang dynasty].
Lishi yanjiu
[Historical studies]
6
:
91
–
108
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Jamison, Dean T., Evans, John R., King, Timothy, Porter, Ian, Prescott, Nicholas, and Prost, Andre.
1984
.
China: The Health Sector
.
Washington, D.C.
:
The World Bank
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zhongke, Jia.
1983
.
Renkou yanjiu ziliao suoyin, 1913–1982
[Bibliography of population materials, 1913–1982].
Lanzhou University Population Research Group
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lardy, Nicholas R.;
1987
. “The Chinese Economy Under Stress, 1958–1965.” In
The Cambridge History of China
14, eds. MacFarquhar, Roderick and Fairbank, John King.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
,
144
–
184
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lavely, William R.
1987
. “
Chinese Demographic Data: A Guide to Major Sources
.”
The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs
18
:
167
–
178
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lavely, William R.
1989
. “
The Spatial Approach to Chinese History: Illustrations from North China and the Upper Yangzi
.”
The Journal of Asian Studies
48
.
1
:
100
–
113
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lavely, William R.;
1991
. “Marriage and Mobility Under Rural Collectivism.” In
Marriage and Inequality in China
, eds., Ebrey, Patricia and Watson, Rubie.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lavely, William R. and Freedman, Ronald.
1990
. “
The Origins of the Chinese Fertility Decline
.”
Demography
17
.
3
:
357
–
367
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lavely, William R., Zhenyu, Xiao, Bohua, Li, and Freedman, Ronald.
1990
. “
The Rise in Female Education in China: National and Regional Patterns
.”
The China Quarterly
121
:
61
–
93
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lee, James.
1978
. “Migration and Expansion in Chinese History.” In
Human Migration: Patterns and Policies
, eds. McNeill, William H. and Adams, Ruth S..
Bloomington
:
Indiana Unversity Press
,
20
–
47
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lee, James.
1984
/
1990
. “
The Population History of Late Imperial China: A Comment on John King Fairbank's AHA Centennial Address
.” Humanities Working Paper No. 109,
California Institute of Technology
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron, and Tan, Guofu.
1989
. “1772–1873 jian Fengtian diqu liangjia yu renkou bianhua” [Grain prices and population change in rural Liaoning 1772–1873]. In
The Second Conference on Modern Chinese Economic History
.
Taibei
:
Academia Sinica, Institute of Economics
,
511
–
542
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Lee, James, Campbell, Cameron, and Myers, Christopher.
1990
. Fate and Fortune in Rural China: Population and Social Structure in Liaoning 1774–1873. Book manuscript.
Google Scholar
Lee, James and Wong, R. Bin. Forthcoming. “Population Movements in Qing China and Their Linguistic Legacy.” In
Languages and Dialects of China
, ed. Wong, William S..
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
Leridon, Henri.
1977
.
Human Fertility: The Basic Components
.
Chicago & London
:
The University of Chicago Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Li, Chengrui.
1981
.
Population Censuses in China
.
State Statistical Bureau, People's Republic of China
, September.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Li, Chengrui.
1986
. “
A Census of One Billion People
.” In State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics 1986:
6
–
36
.
Google Scholar
Li, Rongshi.
1988
. “
Zhongguo 1987 nian canji ren chouyang diaocha gaiyao
” [A summary of China's 1987 handicapped sample survey].
Renkou yanjiu
[Population Research] No. 3:
24
–
26
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Li, Rose Maria.
1989
. “
Migration to China's Northern Frontier, 1953–82
.”
Population and Development Review
15
.
3
:
503
–
538
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liang, Fangzhong.
1980
.
Zhongguo lidai hukou tiandi tianfu tongji
[Statistics on China's historical population, cultivated land and land tax].
Shanghai
:
Renmin chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Little, Daniel, and Esherick, Joseph.
1989
. “
Testing the Testers: A Reply to Barbara Sands and Ramon Myers's Critique of G. William Skinner's Regional Systems Aproach to China
.”
The Journal of Asian Studies
48
.
1
:
90
–
99
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung.
1978
. “
Chinese Genealogies as a Source for the Study of Historical Demography
.”
Studies and Essays in Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Academia Sinica
,
849
–
870
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung.
1981
. “
The Demographic Dynamics of Some Clans in the Lower Yangtze Area, ca. 1400–1900
.”
Academia Economic Papers
9
.
1
:
115
–
160
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung.
1983
. “Ming Qing renkou zhi zengzhi yu qianyi” [The Growth and migration of population during the Ming and Qing].
Zhongguo shehui jingji shi yantao hui luntvenji
[Papers from the seminar on Chinese social and economic history].
Taibei
:
Center for Chinese Studies
,
283
–
316
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung.
1985
. “
The Demography of Two Chinese Clans in Hsiao-shan, Chekiang, 1650–1850
.” In Hanley, and Wolf, 1985:
13
–
61
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung.
1986
. “
Agricultural Change and Population Growth: A Brief Survey on the Case of China in Historical Perspective
.”
Academia Economic Papers
14
.
1
:
29
–
68
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung. Forthcoming a. “Demographic Constraint and Family Structure in Traditional Chinese Lineages, ca. 1200–1900.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Liu, Tsui-Jung. Forthcoming b. “Historical Demography of South China Lineages.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Luther, Norman, Feeney, Griffith, and Weimin, Zhang.
1990
. “
One-Child Families or a Baby Boom? Evidence from China's 1987 One-per-Hundred Survey
.”
Population Studies
44
,
341
–
357
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
MA, Xia.
1986
. “
Heilongjiang sheng zifaxing renkou qianyi diaocha
” [A study of private migration in Heilongjiang].
Zhongguo renkou nianjian
[China's population yearbook] 1985:
1069
–
1079
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ma, Xia and Weizhi, Wang.
1988
. “Zhongguo chengzhen renkou qianyi yu chengzhen hua yanjiu” [A study of China's urban migration and urbanization]. Renkou yanjiu [Population Research] No. 2.
Google Scholar
Ministry of Public Health Cancer Prevention Research Office
1980
.
Zhongguo exing zhongliu siwang diaocha yanjiu
[Cancer mortality investigation and research].
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
Ministry of Public Health Institute of Geriatrics and Beijing Hospital
.
1986
.
Zhonghua renmin gonghe guo laonian ditu ji
[An atlas of aging in the People's Republic of China].
Beijing
:
Ditu chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
Parish, William L. and Whyte, Martin K..
1978
.
Village and Family in Contemporary China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Pasternak, Burton.
1983
.
Guests in the Dragon
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Pasternak, Burton.
1989
. “
Age at First Marriage in a Taiwanese Locality
.”
Journal of Family History
14
.
2
:
91
–
117
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Peiyun, Peng.
1989
. “
Peng Peiyun tan Zhongguo renkou wenti
” [Peng Peiyun on China's population problems]. In
Shenzhou xueren
[China's Scholars Abroad]
1
:
12
–
14
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Peng, Xizhe.
1987
. “
Demographic Consequences of the Great Leap Forward
.”
Population and Development Review
13
:
639
–
670
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Peng, Xizhe.
1989
. “
Major Determinants in China's Fertility Transition
.”
The China Quarterly
117
:
1
–
37
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Perkins, Dwight.
1969
.
Agricultural Development in China
1368–1968.
Chicago
:
Aldine Publishing Company
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Poston, Dudley, and Baochang, Gu.
1987
. “
Socioeconomic Development, Family Planning and Fertility in China
.”
Demography
24
:
531
–
551
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Xinzhong, Qian.
1985
.
Zhonghua renmin gongheguo xuexichongbing dituji
. [PRC Atlas of Schistosomiasis].
Shanghai
:
Zhonghua dituxueshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ren, Suhua.
1988
. “
Woguo chengshi renkou qianyi qingkuang qianxi
” [A preliminary analysis of urban population migration in our country]. In
Renkou Yanjiu
[Population research]
3
:
19
–
33
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Rong, Shoude and Guangji, Li.
1986
. “
Zhongguo renkou siyin diaocha
” [A study of mortality causes in China].
Zhongguo renkou nianjian
[China's population yearbook] 1985:
1027
–
1068
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Sands, Barbara, and Myers, Ramon H..
1986
. “
The Spatial Approach to Chinese History: A Test
.”
The Journal of Asian Studies
45
.
4
:
721
–
743
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Sands, Barbara, and Myers, Ramon H..
1990
. “
Economics and Macroregions: A Reply to Our Critics
.”
The Journal of Asian Studies
49
.
2
:
344
–46.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Schran, Peter.
1978
. “China's Demographic Evolution 1850–1953 Reconsidered.
The China Quarterly
75
:
639
–
646
.
Google Scholar
Shepherd, John Robert.
1988
. “Marriage and Abortion Among the Seventeenth Century Siraya.” Manuscript.
Google Scholar
Shepherd, John Robert.
1989
. “Marriage Mode and Marriage Market: Spatial, Temporal and Class Variation in Taiwan.” Manuscript.
Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William.
1977
a. “Regional Urbanization in Nineteenth-Century China.” In
The City in Late Imperial China
, ed. Skinner, G. William.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
,
221
–
273
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William.
1977
b. “Cities and the Hierarchy of Local Systems.” In
The City in Late Imperial China
, ed. Skinner, G. William.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
,
275
–
352
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William.
1985
. “
Presidential Address: The Structure of Chinese History
.”
The Journal of Asian Studies
44
.
2
:
271
–
292
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William.
1987
. “
Sichuan's Population in the Nineteenth Century: Lessons from Disaggregated Data
.”
Late Imperial China
8
.
1
:
1
–
79
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William.
1990
.
“Fertility Differentiation in West China: A Regional-Systems Analysis.”
Paper presented at the 1990 meeting of the Population Association of America,
Toronto
.
Google Scholar
Song, Jian, Tuan, Chi-Hsien, and Yu, Jing-Yuan.
1985
.
Population Control in China: Theory and Applications
.
New York
:
Praeger
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and the Institute of Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
.
1987
.
The Population Atlas of China
.
Hong Kong
:
Oxford University Press
.
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics
.
1982
.
Zhongguo disanci renkou puchade zhuyao shuzi
[Major figures from China's third census].
Beijing
:
Zhongguo tongji chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics
.
1983
.
Zhongguo 1982 nian renkou pucha 10% chouyang ziliaode zhuyao shuzi
[Major figures from the 10% sample tabulation of China's 1982 population census].
Beijing
:
Zhongguo tongji chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics
.
1985
.
1982 Population Census of China
[Results of Computer Tabulations].
Beijing
:
China Statistical Press
.
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics
.
1986
.
A Census of One Billion People
.
Beijing
:
China Statistical Press
.
Google Scholar
State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics (SSBDPS)
.
1986
.
China In-Depth Fertility Survey (Phase-I), Principal Report
. 2 Vols.
Beijing
:
SSBDPS
.
Google Scholar
State Council Population Census Office and State Statistical Bureau Department of Population Statistics
.
1988
a.
Tabulations of China 1% Population Sample Survey: National Volume
.
Beijing
:
China Statistical Press
.
Google Scholar
Stockard, Janice E.
1989
.
Daughters of The Canton Delta: Marriage Patterns and Economic Strategies in South China, 1860–1930
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Yirang, Sun.
1986
.
Mozi xiangu
[Annotated works of Mozi].
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Taiwan Department of Civil Affairs
.
1971
.
1970 Taiwan Demographic Fact Book, Republic of China
.
Nantou
:
Taiwan Department of Civil Affairs
.
Google Scholar
Taueber, Irene B.
1973
. “
The Data and Dynamics of the Chinese Populations
.”
Population Index
39
.
2
:
137
–
170
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Taylor, Jeffrey R.
1988
. “
Rural Employment Trends and the Legacy of Surplus Labor, 1978–1986
.”
The China Quarterly
116
:
736
–
766
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Telford, Ted A.
1986
. “
Survey of Social Demographic Data in Chinese Genealogies
.”
Late Imperial China
7
.
2
:
118
–
148
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Telford, Ted A.
1990
. Forthcoming. “Patching the Holes in Chinese Genealogies: Mortality in the Lineage Populations of Tongcheng County, 1300–1880.” Late Imperial China.
Google Scholar
Telford, Ted A. Forthcoming a. “Marital Fertility in the Ming Qing Transition.” Change and Continuity.
Google Scholar
Telford, Ted A. Forthcoming b. “Fertility and Population Growth in the Lineages of Tongcheng County 1520–1661.” In Harrell forthcoming.
Google Scholar
Tian, Xueyuan.
1988
. “
Zhongguo laonian renkou hongguan
” [An overview of the aged population in China].
Zhongguo renkou kexue
[Population science of China] No. 6:
15
–
18
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Tien, H. Yuan.
1973
.
China's Population Struggle: Demographic Decisions of the People's Republic
, 1949–1969.
Columbus
:
Ohio State University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Tien, H. Yuan.
1983
. “
Age at Marriage in the PRC
,”
China Quarterly
93
:
90
–
107
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Tien, H. Yuan.
1984
. “
Induced Fertility Transition: Impact of Population Planning and Socioeconomic Changes in the People's Republic of China
.”
Population Studies
38
:
385
–
400
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Ju-K'ang, T'ien.
1988
.
Male Anxiety and Female Chastity: A Comparative Study of Ethical Values in Ming Ching Times
.
Leiden
:
E. J. Brill. Monograph, T'oung Pao
, Vol.
XIV
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Feng, Wang.
1988
a. “
The Roles of Individuals' Socioeconomic Characteristics and the Government Family Planning Program in China's Fertility Decline
.”
Population Research and Policy Review
7
.
3
:
255
–
276
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Feng, Wang.
1988
b. “
Historical Demography in China: Review and Perspective
.”
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Newsletter
34
:
51
–
69
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Feng, Wang
1989
.
“China's One-Child Policy: Who Complies and Why?”
Paper presented at the 1989 meeting of the Population Association of America,
Baltimore
.
Google Scholar
Feng, Wang, Riley, Nancy and Fude, Lin.
1990
.
“China's Continuing Demographic Transition in the 1980s.”
Paper presented at the 1990 meeting of the Population Association of America,
Toronto
.
Google Scholar
Wei, Jinsheng.
1988
. “
Internal Migration
.” In
China Financial and Economic Publication House
1988
:
57
–
70
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
White, Tyrene.
1989
.
“China's Longest Campaign: The One-Child Policy and the Politics of Institutionalized Mobilization.”
Paper presented at the 41st annual meeting of Association for Asian Studies,
Washington, D.C.
Google Scholar
Whyte, Martin K.
1988
. “
Changes in Mate Choice in Chengdu
.” Working Paper of the Center for Research on Social Organization,
University of Michigan
. No. 361.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Whyte, Martin K. and Gu, S. Z..
1987
. “
Popular Response to China's Fertility Transition
.”
Population and Development Review
13
:
471
–
493
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wilson, Christopher.
1984
. “
Natural Fertility in Pre-industrial England, 1600–1799
.”
Population Studies
38
.
2
:
225
–
240
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P.;
1984
. “Family Life and the Life Cycle in Rural China.” In
Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group
, eds. Netting, Robert McC., Wilk, Richard R., and Arnould, Eric J..
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
279
–
298
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P.;
1985
a. “
Fertility in Prerevolutionary Rural China
.” In Hanley, and Wolf, ,
154
–
185
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P.;
1985
b. “Chinese Family Size: A Myth Revitalized.” In
The Chinese Family and Its Ritual Behavior
, eds. Jih-Chang, Hsieh and Ying-Chang, Chuang.
Taiwan
:
The Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P.
1986
. “
The Preeminent Role of Government Intervention in China's Family Revolution
,”
Population and Development Review
12
:
101
–
116
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wolf, Arthur P. and Huang, Chieh-Shan.
1980
.
Marriage and Adoption in China, 1845–1945
.
Stanford
:
Stanford University Press
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Wu, Shenyuan.
1986
.
Zhongguo renkou sixiang shigao
[A draft history of population thought in China].
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Yuren, Wu.
1988
. “Zhongguo chengshihua de guocheng yu qianjin” [The process and the future of China's urbanization]. In
Zhongguo chengshihua daolu chutan
[A preliminary study of China's urbanization], eds. Weijun, Jie, Bingzheng, Zhang, and Jianing, Lin.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhanwang chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Yu, Xiong.
1988
. “
Woguo renkou de chabie qianyi
” [Differential migration in our country].
Renkou yanjiu
[Population Research] No. 4:
20
–
24
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Xie, Yu.
1989
. “
Measuring Regional Sex Preferences: A Cautionary Note
.”
Social Science Research
18
:
291
–
305
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zeng, Y I.
1986
. “
Changes in Family Structure in China: A Simulation Study
.”
Population and Development Review
12
:
675
–
703
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zeng, Y I.
1988
. “
Changing Demographic Characteristics and the Family Status of Chinese Women
.”
Population Studies
42
:
183
–
203
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zeng, Y I.
1989
. “
Is the Chinese Family Planning Program ‘Tightening Up’?
”
Population and Development Review
15
.
2
:
333
–
337
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Minru, Zhang.
1982
.
Zhongguo renkou sixiang jianshi
[A short history of demographic thought in China].
Beijing
:
People's University of China
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zhihong, Zhang.
1987
.
“Some reflections on Urbanization Policy.”
Paper presented at the International Conference of Urbanization Policy,
Tianjin, China
.
Google Scholar
Wenlin, Zhao and Shujun, Xie.
1988
.
Zhongguo renkou shi
[History of China's population].
Beijing renmin chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Yanqing, Zhao.
1988
. “Zhongguo chengshihua lilun zhongshu” [A summary of the theories of China's urbanization]. In
Zhongguo chengshihua daolu chutan
[A preliminary study of China's urbanization].
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhanwang chubanshe
,
398
–
423
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zhongguo Renkou
[China population monographs].
1987
–
1990
. 32 vols.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
Nianjian, Zhonggu Renkou.
1985
–
1988
.
Zhongguo renkou nianjian
[China population yearbook]. 4 vols.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Yousheng, Zhou, Hantao, Cheng, Zixing, Chen, Peilin, Lin, Guohua, Li, and Guizhen, Jia
1989
. “
Zhongguo yinger sinwanglu fenxi
” [An analysis of infant mortality rates in China]. In
Zhongguo renkou kexue
[Population science of China]
3
:
35
–
46
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Zhenhe, Zhou and Rushu, You.
1986
.
Fangyan yu Zhongguo wenhua
[Dialects and Chinese culture].
Shanghai
:
Renmin chubanshe
.
Google Scholar
 
Google Scholar
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1990
1990
Issue Section:
Articles