Abstract

The Osaka Conference of January 1875 usually receives rather scant attention in political histories of modern Japan. To some extent this is justified, since of the two important results of the Conference, Itagaki's reconciliation with the government proved shortlived, and the establishment of a new legislature, the Genrōin, did not greatly affect either the existing conduct of government business or the future direction of constitutional progress. However, the Osaka Conference was a critical event, despite its seemingly disappointing results.

Notes

1

The most useful accounts in English are:

Beckmann George M. ,
The Making of the Meiji Constitution
. (
Lawrence
:
University of Kansas Press
,
1957
), pp.
34
38
;
Masakazu Iwata ,
Ōkubo Toshimichi
. (
Berkeley and Los Angeles
:
University of California Press
,
1964
), pp.
225
–34
;
Chitoshi Yanaga ,
Japan Since Perry
(
New York
:
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
,
1949
), pp.
150
–51
.

2

Hensanjo Kido Kō Denki , ed.,
Shōgiku Kido Kō Den
[Biography of Kido], (
Tokyo
:
Meiji Shoin
,
1927
, 2 vols.),
II
, 1772–73. 1776–77
.

3

Hensankai Inoue Kaoru Kō Denki , ed.,
Segai Inoue Kō Den
[Biography of Inoue], (
Tokyo
:
Naigai Shoseki
,
1933
–34. 5 vols.),
II
,
611
.

4

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1746–48.

5

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1780–81. As head of the Finance Department and director of the bureau that had planned the expedition, Ōkuma had estimated that it would cost only half a million yen, whereas in fact it cost over seven million yen. Ibid., p. 1700.

6

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1781.

7

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 613–15.

8

Junichirō Ōtsu ,
Dai Nihon Kensei Shi
[Constitutional History of Japan], (
Tokyo
:
Hōbunkan
,
1927
–28. 10 vols.),
I
,
581
–94
.

9

Yasuji Matsueda , ed.,
Ōkuma Kō Sekijitsutan
[Reminiscences of Ōkuma], (
Tokyo
:
Hōchi Shimbunsha Shuppanbu
,
1922
), pp.
121
, 126–27
.

10

Ryūsaku Godai ,
Godai Tomoatsu Den
[Biography of Godai Tomoatsu], (
Tokyo
:
Shūkōsha
,
1933
), pp.
373
–76
.
Shigemaro Tsuda ,
Meiji Seijō to Shin Takayuki
[The Emperor Meiji and Minister Takayuki], (
Tokyo
:
Jishōkai
,
1928
), p.
223
.

11

Ikujirō Watanabe ,
Mutsu Munemitsu Den
[Biography of Mutsu Munemitsu], (
Tokyo
:
Kaizōsha
,
1934
). pp.
127
–29
.

12

Tsuishōkai Shumbō Kō ,
Itō Hirobumi Den
[Biography of Itō Hirobumi], (
Tokyo
:
Shumbō Kō Tsuishōkai
, 2d ed.,
1943
. 3 vols.),
I
,
785
.
Magoya Katsuda ,
Ōkubo Toshimichi Den
[Biography of Ōkubo Toshimichi], (
Tokyo
:
Dōbunkan
,
1910
–11, 3 vols.),
III
,
195
.

13

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 786. Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1674.

14

Chūta Tsumaki , ed.,
Kido Kōin Bunsho
[Papers of Kido Kōin], (
Tokyo
:
Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai
,
1929
–31, 8 vols.),
V
,
5
.

15

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 608.

16

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 266, 535–36.

17

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 537–39.

18

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 81–82.

19

Tsuda, Meiji Seijō to Shin Takayuki, pp. 90–91.

Takao Tsuchiya ,
Zaibatsu o Kizuita Hitobito
[Founders of Zaitbatsu], (
Tokyo
:
Kōbundō
,
1935
), p.
68
.

20

Hirochika Saiga ,
Ōe Tenya Denki
[Biography of Ōe Tenya], (
Tokyo
:
Ōe Futoshi
,
1926
), p.
365
.

21

Saiga, Ōe Tenya Denki, pp. 365–66.

22

Saiga, Ōe Tenya Denki, p. 359.

23

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1667–68.

24

Kido Kōin Bunsho, V, 201–2. In contrast, for Ōkubo's contemptuous appraisal of Itagaki's memorial, see

Takeshi Osatake ,
Meiji Taishō Seijishi Kōwa
[Lectures on Meiji and Taishō Political History], (
Tokyo
:
Ichigensha
,
1943
). p.
154
.

25

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 528–29.

26

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 616–19.

27

Masatsugu Inada ,
Meiji Kempō Seiritsu Shi
[History of the Establishment of the Meiji Constitution], (
Tokyo
:
Yūhikaku
,
1960
. 2 vols.),
I
,
229
.

28

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1791–92.

29

Inada, MKSS, I, 232.

30

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1796.

31

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1797–98.

32

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 906.

33

Inada, MKSS, I, 232–33.

34

Inada, MKSS, I, 234–35.

35

Inada, MKSS, I, 235–36.

36

Chūta Tsumaki , ed.,
Kido Kōin Nikki
[Diary of Kido Kōin], (
Tokyo
:
Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai
,
1932
–33. 3 vols.),
III
,
151
.

37

Inada, MKSS, I, 234, 236–37.

38

Inada, MKSS, I, 237–38.

39

Taisuke Itagaki ,
Jiyūtō Shi
[History of the Liberal Party], (
Tokyo
:
Gosharō
,
1910
. 2 vols.),
I
.
189
.

40

Itagaki, Jiyūtō Shi, I, 179–81.

41

Kido Kōin Bansho, VI, 62–64.

42

Itagaki, Jiyūtō Shi, I, 192.

43

Itagaki, Jiyūtō Shi, I, 193–96.

Mizuho Kawada ,
Kataoka Kenkichi Sensei Den
[Biography of Kataoka Kenkichi], (
Kyoto
:
Ritsumeikan Shuppanbu
,
1940
), pp.
268
–72
.

44

Inada, MKSS, I, 241.

45

Kido Kōin Bunsho, VI, 84–85.

46

Inada, MKSS, I, 241–42, 247.

47

Tsuda, Meiji Seijō to Shin Takayuki, pp. 343–46. Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 84–85, 90. Inada. MKSS, I, 248–49.

48

Inada, MKSS, I, 245–48.

49

Inada, MKSS, I, 249–50.

50

Inada, MKSS, I, 249.

51

Inada, MKSS, I, 251.

52

Inada, MKSS, I, 251–53.

53

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 935.

54

Inada, MKSS, I, 253–54.

55

Inada, MKSS, I, 254–56.

56

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1835–37.

57

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1842–44.

58

Magoya Katsuda and Yoshiharu Usui , eds.,
Ōkubo Toshimichi Bunsho
[Papers of Ōkubo Toshimichi], (
Tokyo
:
Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai
,
1927
–29. 10 vols.),
VI
,
378
–79
.

59

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 647–48.

60

Itagaki, Jiyūtō Shi, I, 199–200.

61

Ryōkan Shionoya ,
Kaikoroku
[Reminiscences], (
Tokyo
:
Minyūsha
,
1918
), pp.
314
–16
.

62

Taketoshi Nishida ,
Meiji Jidai no Shimbun to Zasshi
[Newspapers and Magazines of the Meiji Period], (
Tokyo
:
Shibundō
.
1961
), p.
91
.

63

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 949–51.

64

Itagaki, Jiyūtō Shi, I, 211.

65

Inada, MKSS, I, 259.

66

Inada, MKSS, I, 258.

67

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1850–52.

68

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1855–58.

69

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 650–52.

70

Inada, MKSS, I, 260.

71

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 952–53.

72

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 953.

73

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 954.

Magoya Katsuda ,
Ōkubo Toshimichi Nikki
[Diary of Ōkubo Toshimichi], (
Tokyo
:
Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai
,
1927
. 2 vols.),
II
,
421
.

74

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 658–59.

75

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 660–61.

76

Inada, MKSS, I, 261–63.

77

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1862.

78

Inada, MKSS, I, 263–64, 266–68.

79

Segai Inoue Kō Den, II, 664–66.

80

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 955–58.

81

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 959. Kido Kōin Nikki, III, 232–33.

82

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1867. Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 959–61.

83

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 961–63.

84

Ōkubo Toshimichi Bunsho, VI, 423.

85

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 963–68.

86

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 968–69.

87

Ōtsu, Dai Nihon Kensei Shi, I, 899–901.

88

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1873–75.

89

Ōtsu, Dai Nihon Kensei Shi, I, 904–05.

90

Itō Hirobumi Den, I, 970–71.

91

Inada, MKSS, I, 273–74.

92

Saiga, Ōe Tenya Denki, pp. 367–74.

93

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1894–96.

94

Shōgiku Kido Kō Den, II, 1890–98.

95

Iichirō Tokutomi , ed.,
Kōshaku Matsukata Masayoshi Den
[Biography of Matsukata Masayoshi], (
Tokyo
:
Kōshaku Matsukata Masayoshi Den Hakkōjo
,
1935
. 2 vols.),
I
,
566
–68, 570–71
.

96

Masao Fukushima ,
Chiso Kaisei no Kenkyū
[A Study of Land Tax Reform], (
Tokyo
:
Yūhikaku
,
1962
), p.
395
.
Hakuji Fukaya ,
Ka-shizoku Chitsuroku Shobun no Kenkyū
[A Study of the Handling of Noble and Samurai Pensions], (
Tokyo
:
Ajiya Shobō
,
1941
), pp.
383
–91
.

97

Inada, MKSS. I, 274–75.

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