A popular topic in art history for more than a decade has been how to write a global history of art. Because of this trend, scholars and students have become more aware of the formation of canons in existing art history survey books and consider it important to include non-Western art in the grand narratives.1 Recent studies on twentieth-century Japanese art also reflect this trend, engaging in the ongoing dialogue on the global history of art and the position of Japanese art. One major challenge for non-Western art historians is the problem of temporality and originality. As Keith Moxey points out, this is related to the fundamental methodology of art history. Art historians tend to locate the point of creation, and then label the visually similar but chronologically later as copies or derivatives.2 This methodology has two problems: first, it treats Europe as the center of history, and...

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