Hallyu is a key word for understanding currents in global popular culture. Following new Korean cinema in the late 1990s and TV drama in the 2000s, K-pop took over as the flagship of hallyu fandom in the 2010s. The growing fandom of K-pop in Europe and other parts of the world disputes the skeptical view of the transnational consumption of South Korean popular culture as a short-lived, regional trend led by middle-aged, (new) middle-class women across Asia. Hallyu in 2011 attracts a wider spectrum of audience regardless of gender, age, or region. The male star-led popularity of hallyu dramas has also changed. From this perspective, the new stage of Korean Wave, “sin-hallyu,” led by K-pop, requires a new, critical inquiry into the radically shifting trends of hallyu consumption and the political economy of the idol industry, its globalization strategy, and the institutional support of the government in national...

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