... to observing the canonical hours. Personal breviaries enabled friars to merge conventual and itinerant ideals, adhering to the Dominican order's rule. While serving friars’ personal use, breviaries also marked collective identity, distinguishing Dominicans from other religious professionals and fostering...

... at the end of the eighteenth century, particularly the opposing positions of Johan Caspar Lavater and the Count of Buffon on the science of reading humans’ personality traits by the features of their faces. Not only was Goya well informed on the ongoing debate, but he also responded critically to it with his...

... Scots, especially the king, James VI, who embarked on his personal rule after the execution of the last regent in 1581. Walsingham’s keen interest in Anglo-Scottish diplomacy was partly occasioned by his office, but more importantly by his own concerns about the implications a weak or hostile Scotland...

..., that brings a person to the God who has established God as the beatifying end of the human person; and, the virtues that are most conducive to that life with God are, radically, the gift of God, due to divine initiative. Although less immediately obvious, Aquinas’s virtue ethics is also thoroughly...

... defines as a condensation of embodied practice and knowledge reactivated in multiple times and places to transmit culture from person to living person. Reading through the Bodley 264 Romance of Alexander in order to clarify the scenario's specific function in its Parisian context, this article argues...

...Julia Reinhard Lupton This essay uses the concept of affordances, borrowed from design theory and environmental psychology, in order to map the use of space in act 1, scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet . Hospitality provides a socio-symbolic script for objects and persons in action that crosses theatrical...

... objects acquire the aura of the sacred. While the Barnwell monument engages with a high church view of the sacraments as signs of remembrance, the manuscript box reveals Montagu turning from the sacramental to the superstitious. This object displays how religious faith and personal belief bleed into each...

..., casting envy in terms of personal culpability and urging inner reform. As a subjective stance rather than an empirical thing with ontological existence, envy and its dangers could, theoretically, be eradicated through individual will. Copyright © 2019 by Duke University Press 2019 Sir George...

... on their own personal arbitrium (discretion) in deciding whether to remand defendants to torture or sentence them to the gallows. Drawing not only on Aristotelian logic and classical rhetorical theory but also on the works of contemporary philosophers, Casoni used his dialogue to lay out a rigorous...

...Benjamin A. Saltzman Mourning the death of a friend posed a problem for late Anglo-Saxon monasticism. Newly reformed under the authority of the Benedictine Rule and the Regularis Concordia , religious were precluded from developing personal friendships so as to protect a world in which all things...

...Renée R. Trilling The Old English poem known as The Fortunes of Men offers a catalogue of potential fates, both good and bad, that can befall a person in the early medieval world, from being eaten by a wolf to thriving as a poet. Straining against the limits of human knowledge about the future...

... colored depictions of local fashions in dress and various regional customs witnessed while traveling. Along with these miniatures, the album combines sententious mottoes, heraldic shields, and personalized inscriptions from friends met during one's travels. The album owner and friends display their newly...

... peoples of Catholic France and “New France”—through the lens of gender. In the case of early modern Atlantic dreaming, gender and its confusions in the social imaginary are not tied to the historical practice of female-bodied persons. The femininity investigated here is positional and symbolic...

...Devin Byker This essay explores how Shakespeare's Measure for Measure investigates the possibilities of intercessory speech and action. Intercession was a crucial and diversely realized component to many forms of late medieval religious expression, in which a person would seek the aid of another...

... and epistemological ramifications of Christ’s motherhood. This essay contributes to that discussion, as well as to a broader theological conversation on medieval conceptions of sin and penance, by attending to the critically neglected figure in this relationship: the child. Julian’s depiction of the person as a “meek...

..., such as Hethum’s Flos historiarum Terre Orientis and William of Boldensele’s Liber de quibusdam ultramarinis partibus , while blending into his narrative oral sources of knowledge picked up from his personal contacts while traveling. Pilgrimage literature has often been denigrated by scholars for being repetitive...

... would both poets independently, but writing at almost exactly the same time, choose this biblical text for poetic adaptation? What was it about the Book of Lamentations that resonated so poignantly with their particular historical moment? This study focuses not on questions of political or personal...

... solitary hermit and communal monk, allowed him to explore the possible relations between self and community. The essay demonstrates Methley’s self-conscious construction of his first-person narration by comparing and constrasting it to one of his most influential models, the fourteenth-century hermit...

... modern period, despite various limitations imposed on them, nevertheless created spaces for their expression and personal activity. This focus on women’s interest in lay organizations and the third orders in the Trecento and Quattrocento contributes to recent scholarship that challenges the notion...

...Michael Stolberg Drawing on the personal notebooks of three medical students who studied in Padua in the late 1540s and early 1550s, this essay examines the contents and methods of anatomical teaching of Andreas Vesalius’s successors and in particular that of Antonio Fracanzani and Gabriele...