... method of Aquinas as a contemplative project, motivated and delineated by the mendicant controversies of the thirteenth century, and undertaken alongside the obscure Dionysius within their common pursuit of religious perfection. Thomas Aquinas Pseudo‐Dionysius theology church hierarchy mendicant...

... observes that Jovinian’s views “threatened to undo all that the revolution of late antiquity had achieved for the Christian church. Hierarchy, and not community, had become the order of the day.” 470Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies / 33.3 / 2003 ...

... as garment and the habit as discipline or virtue. 27 In Wycliffite writings, new forms of living emerge from questions about church hierarchies, rituals, and traditions—what lollard writers sometimes refer to as “signs and ceremonies.” 30 Conversations about the priesthood and institutional status...

.... Copyright © by Duke University Press / 2003 / $2.00. queenship, invoking the well-known empress as a shorthand for praising and influencing their own empresses and queens. In his Church History (440s), Theodoret, for example, commemorates the fourth-century empress Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Theodosius...

... “priest,” such as 1 Timothy 4:14, he seems to be working through Tyndale’s lexical challenge to church hierarchy. Erasmus had changed the Vulgate’s “senioribus” to “presbiteris,” starting the process.22 The reader’s comment oddly back-­translates, using the English to read the Latin: “An Elder...

... to be resolved in order to conclude that such representations are fundamentally either positive or negative. Rather, these stereotypes are nec- essarily ambivalent forms of knowledge that justify a social hierarchy main- taining Mudejar subjects in positions of subordination...

... to reassure potential donors or members of the church hierarchy that Cistercian nuns were dif- ferent from beguines, who wandered freely about the community without any male supervision.39 As the thirteenth century progressed, beguines were increasingly the focus of ecclesiastical scrutiny...

... that it is not only the pectoral ornament, or rationale, that Durandus uses as a unifying symbol for the diverse orders of the church. As Elliott notes, the bishop’s crucial role at the top of the church hierarchy is also symbolized by the fact that his numerous garments literally encompass those designated...

... . . . through fear of their superiors.”22 This shows that church discipline, serving a different order and seeking to enact a different model of authority, was not only a theoretical threat to social hierarchy, but was found at least on occasion to conflict...

... creations. The cloister, built by order of the dean of the cathedral, Thomas More, may have been finished as late as 1421.8 The earliest known Dance of Death was painted in the cemetary of the Church of the Holy Innocents in Paris in 1424 – 25 on its southern wall, along the ten arcades...

... religious communities to the church hierarchy. These two factors meant that exiled religious communities were porous (what Caro- line Bowden terms the semi- permeable enclosure wall ) despite their strong commitment to post- Tridentine clausura, and a significant part of their mis- sion was to proselytize...

..., among a series of post- medieval additions, a sixteenth-­century hand added sung texts belonging to the office for the Feast of St. Helen, suggesting that the volume belonged at one point in its history to a church invested in the saint’s cult.16 Decisively, with the aid of ultraviolet light...

... and the early modern period. The commitment to reform the Church and its people was a constituent component of the late medieval church and, increasingly so, of its lay elites.2 This commitment could take many different and contradictory forms. Reform could be initiated by leading ecclesiastic...

... domain of civic officials and “men of substance,” refiguring the space of the church to reflect the social hierarchies of the city.31 That parochial activity could provide an alternative domain for those excluded from civic authority seems demonstrated in more vivid terms in the history...

... the late medieval Church, its hierarchy, and its relations with the laity. Liberum Arbitrium, in Wycliffite mode, entrusted the revolu- tion of the Church to the agency of armed lay elites: “Taketh here [their] londes, ye lordes, and lat hem lyue by dymes [tithes] / Yf the kynges coveyte in Cristes...

... to another because it privileges one over two.12 Most historical evidence supports Dolan’s contention that Christian marriage imposes subordination rather than parity. Yet there has also been a creative tension between this assumption of hierarchy and the allure of unity. I have argued elsewhere...

..., When ’tis by you approv’d and understood. (DW 1:377) Heywood, on the other hand, advertised his productivity and generic breadth, and he championed not only the place of the stage in the education of the nation but his own role in so situating it. A digression in his Hierarchie of the Blessed...

... in Whitford's compilation explicitly absorbs the political, using it as fodder for potentially activist and resistant praxes. © 2016 by Duke University Press 2016 Richard Whitford lay devotion family households English church politics Tudor state...

... a suite of rooms in the manor house had been set aside; and miscellaneous young people there for an education. Between fifty and a hundred children came every Sunday for church, a free dinner, and to receive a penny for each psalm memorized. The main house included the Concordance Room, where fam...

...Sara A. Murphy Sir David Lindsay's Scottish drama, Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis (1552-54), includes striking portrayals of uncontrollable women, from noblewoman Dame Sensualitie's usurpation of the Scottish king's secular power on behalf of the Catholic Church to Foly's wife, whose Rabelaisian...