...Derek Pearsall This essay takes up Nicholas Watson's important and influential article, “Visions of Inclusion: Universal Salvation and Vernacular Theology in Pre-Reformation England,” and argues that, for William Langland at least, the promise of universal salvation is at best ambiguous. The essay...

... an unlikely source for reformed Elizabethan readers in which to recognize valuable religious lore. But, in fact, these readers go far beyond repudiating “papistical” errors to demonstrate both the past roots of their own reformed theologies and the continuing pastoral utilities of much of the medieval text...

... lacking absolute certainty. This essay explores this problem by focusing on the afterlife of Augustine's notion of credulitas , or “belief,” in two parallel but intertwined areas: moral theology and legal thought. In both cases, absolute certainty was the gold standard against which moral actions...

... and economic change affected religious belief and practice, that is, the spread of Protestantism. This is, of course, a large question, and the present essay will tease out only a very limited intersection of the religious and the social/ economic: work. That the Reformation changed the meaning of work...

... of the myth of the Reformation as loss need to be scrutinized, but this essay will focus only on the last-mentioned of the stories of loss or destruction — the claim that Reformation theology worked to separate spirit from matter and necessarily brought with it the loss of a Journal...

...Nicholas McDowell Mortalism, the doctrine that the soul sleeps or dies with the death of the body to be reawakened or resurrected at the Last Judgment, was adopted by Luther but became a significant feature of the continental “radical Reformation” rather than of the Calvinist theology that shaped...

..., Romans 9 – 11, which are given the title “Of Predestination” in the 1602 Geneva Bible, showing their importance to Reformation theology. Yet the Fulton / Shakespeare’s Everyman  131 instability of belief concerning predestination can be seen in the wildly dif...

... in 1619 Fletcher and Massinger's Tragedy of Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt Synod of Dort English Reformed theology international politics In May 1619, the eyes and ears of Londoners were fixed on news from abroad. With the German electors preparing to crown a new Holy Roman emperor...

... in the culture of the sacred object. Critical approaches to the status of religious objects across the period have often reflected this narrative of rupture: before the Reformations, belief that the divine inhered in the material world, and after the Reformations, concern about idolatry; before the Reformations...

... in the transformation of Christian theology into a cognitive discipline, that is, into a set of beliefs, on a par with natural philosophy, a standing it was to have in Britain until the early nineteenth century. But the reduction of religion to its cognitive content was a very significant shift in understanding...

... in the Reformation era. In some sense, then, “the liberal narrative of the emergence of modern rights is nearer the mark” (185). In developing this account, Gregory rightly points out that those who supported a formal ethic of rights relied in practice on shared beliefs that were derived from...

... for understanding the history of vernacular theologies and their experimentation with different rhetorical modes for reshaping belief and practice. Copyright © 2021 by Duke University Press 2021 The success of the mother's reading is to be realized not in private, contemplative reading alone, but more...

... period. But many of the views identi- fied as heretical in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have no roots in Reformation “fundamentalism,” as James Simpson would have it, or in the syntheses of belief promulgated by the various Reformation churches. There are significant figures who finally...

... picture of Refor- mation theology as being uninterested in works (what Simpson approvingly calls “the accretions of the individual life”) is in some respects well-­founded. For Simpson, just as the God of the Reformation is an anthropomorphized tyrant who brooks no dissent, so is the movement’s...

... 1520s and espe- cially in Luther’s 1525 Against the Heavenly Prophets, Luther tolerated certain religious images.12 Luther’s goal was to distance his own beliefs from those of more radical reformers, whom he had sarcastically dubbed “heavenly proph- ets.” He exhorted followers to secure images...

... Reformation theology and belief implicit faith Brad Gregory Godfrey Goodman John Wesley • Implicit Faith and Reformations of Habit Joanna Picciotto University...

... to anchoritic and eremitic vocations in The Shep- herds.20 The presence of such textual elements is attributed to the persistence of traditional, Catholic belief in northern England long after the Henrician reformation, a persistence that at one point earned Chester and the neigh- boring county...

... regime of self-making.” Raisa Toivo also considers a development over two centuries after the Reformation, showing how the influence of economic and political contexts on practical theology regarding Communion persisted much longer than the often short-lived or even abrupt lifespan of local contextual...

... distinction.20 Zanchi was entirely typical among many Protestant reformers who, while differing from their Catholic pugilists regarding papal authority, Eucharistic theology (especially in their repudiation of transubstantiation), and clerical celibacy, agreed with the majoritarian Catholic theologians...

...” and its theologies.46 Though there were challenges, fifteenth-­century English academia maintained belief that there were reified, even if dimin- ished, qualities that communicated meaning, affected human bodies, and were a matter of physics. We can easily see this in the conservative reactions...