...Richard Frank; Rena M. Conti; Jonathan Gruber Abstract International reference prices (IRP), also called external reference prices, are widely used across developed nations. IRP uses the prices paid in other countries to either inform negotiations with the pharmaceutical industry or as a cap...

... and appeared on the guest list for a Clinton White House dinner for the king of Morocco (Farnstrom 2007; Geracimos 2000; Washington Times 2009). On page 85, the reference to the American College of Physicians and Surgeons should be to the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons. On page 91...

.... But in their focus on choice-making processes, these efforts have paid little attention to the problem of defining and dividing the set of technologies to choose among. If technology assessment refers to methods for weighing services for their relative value, the term technology assembly might be used to refer...

...Barry Checkoway; Michael Doyle This article analyzes the efforts of health care consumers to organize independently of, but with reference to, the Health Systems Agency in east central Illinois. Beginning with a tactical investigation which disclosed a lack of effective public participation...

...John E. Kushman Evidence from the economics literature is examined with reference to whether prices of dental services tend to equal or exceed production costs, and whether dentists may be characterized as price-takers or price-setters. Ability to generalize from the methods and conceptualization...

... are documented, using testimony from a case in the tenth circuit, as well as comparisons with other reference groups: policemen, teachers, laborers, and VA career fields. The evidence suggests that there is a need for policy intervention. Prime areas for action are the comparability practices by governments...

...Robert Evans The working document entitled A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians , often referred to as the “Lalonde Report,” was released in 1974. Its suggestion that present patterns of morbidity and mortality were not particularly amenable to health care interventions, and seemed rather...

... analysis and with reference to the nature of hospitals as institutions facing special combinations of economic and political conditions and pressures. Some details of voluntary experiments and state regulatory efforts are examined in order to assess the elements of experience to date...

.... As of April 2014, the Health Care Independence Program (HCIP), as it is formally known, had over 155,000 individuals who had been determined eligible. The HCIP premium assistance approach is commonly referred to as the “private option” and was designed to achieve comparable access, network availability...

... comprehensive individual-level information on the premiums paid by this group prior to the establishment of health insurance exchanges. We compare these prior premiums to reference silver premiums available on the exchanges and find that exchange premiums are 4.2 percent higher on average among the entire...

... the agreements, and associated veto points, through which they are most likely to succeed in blocking or deterring new regulation. These concepts are illustrated with reference to two case studies of investor–state disputes involving a transnational tobacco company, but the implications of the analysis...

... Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito not only wrote a joint opinion on the commerce clause virtually identical to that of their chief, but that in writing it they did not refer to or even acknowledge his opinion. Finally surprising was the fact that Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer...

...Michael Gusmano; Mark Schlesinger The Medicare program incorporates a number of functions that go beyond providing health insurance to its beneficiaries. These activities, which we refer to as “collateral” functions, may have important health consequences but are also an increasing source...

..., the Trump administration failed to implement any of their more ambitious reform ideas. This article considers three of the Trump administration's signature policies—state-sponsored prescription drug importation, Medicare Part B international reference pricing, and reforms to the Medicare Part D rebate...

...Jennifer Karlin; Carole Joffe Abstract The growing acknowledgment of the phenomenon of individuals terminating their pregnancies by obtaining the medications necessary for an abortion—which this article refers to as “self-sourced medication abortion” (SSMA)—has shed light on the current...

... with influential stakeholders, and early public support. Two of the three successful measures offered significant concessions to the tobacco industry, and both were designed as legislatively referred statutes. Elsewhere, proponents sought unsuccessfully to enact citizen-led initiatives that would allocate revenue...

... as a vehicle for compromise when actors disagree. Interestingly, it is the more precisely worded statutes that have prompted court battles. We explain this with reference to the asymmetry of incentives and mobilizing costs between those disadvantaged by broad (primarily female employees) versus precisely...