... . Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services, 11th ed. Arlington, VA: AABB. Beck , M. L. , and A. J. Grindon. 1986 . Home Transfusion Therapy. Transfusion 26 : 296 -98. Bosy , L. 1986 . Transfusion: Newest, Riskiest Home Procedure. American Medical News 28 November, pp. 2 , 19...

... procedures, and whether and how regulators' emergency pharmaceutical regulatory procedures going into the pandemic shaped regulatory processes and decisions during the pandemic. Methods : An analysis of seven high-impact national and international pharmaceutical regulators, with case studies from Brazil...

...James S. Wunsch; Larry L. Teply; Joel Zimmerman; Geoffrey W. Peters This article applies street-level bureaucracy theories to “coping” patterns of behavior that developed in an involuntary commitment system. Daily procedures and routines of five Nebraska county boards of mental health...

... to managed care plans? Accountability is the process by which a party justifies its actions and policies. Components of accountability include parties that can be held or hold others accountable, domains and content areas being assessed, and procedures of assessment. Traditionally, the professional model...

... and procedure, the move was surprising. The state-by-state approach departed from the uniform, federal standard that the ACA appears to anticipate and that informed observers expected HHS to adopt. And announcing the policy through an Internet bulletin appeared to allow HHS to sidestep traditional...

...Patricia Haeuser Formative evaluations, that is recurring evaluations which are primarily intended to yield information on the effectiveness of a program's activities, can be especially valuable to community policymakers. 1 This paper develops a formative evaluation procedure for a community...

...Derek DeLia; Joel C. Cantor; Amy Tiedemann; Cecilia S. Huang This article evaluates a Certificate of Need (CON) reform in New Jersey that was designed to expand hospital capacity to provide cardiac angiography (CA) and reduce long-standing disparities in access to the procedure. Using data from...

... hospitals in the United States during the year 2000. Multiple regression procedures were used to test the effect of community benefit laws and type of ownership while controlling for organizational and environmental variables. The results of these procedures indicated that, on average, not-for-profit...

...J. Rosser Matthews Recent scholarly writing has argued that the advent of managed care within the health policy arena can be seen as a contemporary manifestation of a broader set of concerns focusing on how objective decision procedures become politically legitimated—what one recent commentator has...

... hypothesize that physicians consider relative payment rates when choosing which patients to treat in their practices. When Medicare reduces its payments for surgical procedures, as it did in the late 1980s, physicians are predicted to treat more privately insured patients because they become more lucrative...

...; the certification of transplant centers; the evaluation of new surgical procedures; and the issues of financing, distributive justice, and rationing of scarce medical resources. The author finds that the media, though powerful in affecting transplant policy, have not been subjected to critical analysis. Organ...

... there was no persuasive evidence of clinical effectiveness. In response, many women sued to compel coverage. After years of litigation and the expenditure of approximately $3 billion, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed that the procedure was no more effective and possibly more harmful than conventional therapy...

...Cyril Roseman Immediately following adoption of Proposition 13 in California in June of 1978, the state legislature adopted a Bail-Out program which included procedures for monitoring the detrimental effects of disproportionate reductions in public health, inpatient and outpatient county budgets...

... of payment on the costs and quality of medical care. Initially reinforced by concern that exercising control would antagonize the hospitals and threaten Medicare's survival, this perspective became entrenched over time as administrators grew accustomed to established operating procedures and working...

... integration of environmental goals into decision making, improved planning, and greater transparency and public involvement. Reported shortcomings included the length and complexity of EIA documents, limited and adversarial public participation, and an emphasis on procedure over substance. Presently, EIAs...

... ought to lead. We draw on the larger literatures about federalism, found mostly in political science and law, to develop a set of criteria for allocating health policy authority between states and the federal government. They are social justice, procedural democracy, compatibility with value pluralism...

...Elizabeth Villiers Gemmette “Selective pregnancy reduction” is a medical procedure used to reduce a multiple pregnancy, often a multiple pregnancy induced by in vitro fertilization or drug therapy. In such instances, healthy embryos are sacrificed in order to maximize the chances of survival...

... procedures. A relatively recent phenomenon, the practice guidelines now emerging will have implications for malpractice, which also intends to bring about better care. They will probably not revolutionize the procedures that courts use to determine negligence, but judges will integrate guidelines...

... because its cost exceeds its value. Empirical support for this theory has been provided by the RAND Health Insurance Experiment, which found that moral hazard—even moral hazard in the form of effective and appropriate hospital procedures—could be reduced substantially using cost-sharing policies...