Figure 2 Map of Number of Primary Care Physicians Accepting Medicaid Patients, per 100,000 Source : Authors' calculations based on the 2011 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), as reported in Decker 2013 and in the Area Resource File More

Figure 3 Growth of the Adjusted Annual Per Capita Cost (AAPCC), 1990–97 Source : McBride, Penrod, and Mueller 1997 More

Figure 2 Proportion Increase in Probability of Adoption per Year Relative to Random Seed Strategy, by Seed Ensemble Type (Five Seeds) Notes : Bars represent the average proportion reduction in the probability of adoption for each strategy relative to the random seed strategy. We calculated More

Figure 4 Number of advertisements placed per year for erectile dysfunction category and individual brands, 2006–2015. Source : Nielsen ( 2016 ) Monitor-Plus. Notes : The double-ended arrows represent the average number of advertisements for the category (22,986), and for each brand (Viagra More

Figure 2 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedures per 100,000 in Florida. Source : Florida State Ambulatory Surgery and Inpatient Databases. More

Figure 1 Sullivan opioid hospital visits per 100,000 people, 2016. Source : Authors' analysis of the New York State Opioid Annual Data Report 2018. Notes : Data from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), www.health.ny.gov/statistics/opioid/data/pdf/nys_opioid_annual_report_2018 More

Figure 2 Overdose deaths involving any opioid per 100,000 people, 2012–17. Source : Authors' analysis of CDC n.d. More

Figure 1 Yearly drug-related death rates (per 1,000 people). Notes : Total drug-related deaths per year from all illegal drugs and from opioids, methamphetamines, and cocaine. Calculated with data from the National Center for Health Statistics (see the online-only appendix for coding details). More

Figure 7 Physicians per capita against average ideology by specialty. Note : Separate trend lines are fit for primary care specialties (gray) and all other specialties (black). More

Figure 1 Average provider relief fund payment per bed by outpatient share of revenue. Note : *** = < = 0.001 significance level is based on OLS regression results as described in the Methods section above and provided in appendix B of the online-only appendix. More

Figure 2 Average provider relief fund payment per bed by days of cash on hand. Note : * = < 0.05, ** = < 0.01, and *** = < = 0.001 significance levels are based on OLS regression results as described in the Methods section above and provided in appendix B of the online-only appendix. More

Figure 1 Per capita spent in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States on outpatient pharmaceuticals in constant $USD, 1990–2016. Note : Because of changes in UK accounts, there is no Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) UK spending data from 1996 More

Figure 3 Difference in AMP and Medicaid rebates per unit of Humalog under standard AMP and 5i AMP methodologies, 2013–2017. Panel A Difference in AMP estimates. Panel B Difference in Medicaid rebates. Notes : PBM = pharmaceutical benefit manager; AMP = average manufacturer price. 5i AMP More