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Figure 1 Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Panel A Annual rebate growth. Panel B List and net price inflation. Notes: Both panels reflect analysis of 1,374 branded product formulations sold in primarily retail pharmacies, but the sample varies in each year because of entry and exit. Samples differ by year as a result of product entry and exit. See article for additional details on exclusions. Panel B reflects list and net price inflation calculated with a Laspreyres Price Index for each year pair. This reflects a chain-weighted approach using the balanced sample of products in each pair of adjacent years. Annual inflation is compounded year over year to estimate cumulative inflation relative to 2009. Prices in 2009 are benchmarked at 100%.

Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Pane...

Available to Purchase
in The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 December 2022
Figure 1 Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Panel A Annual rebate growth. Panel B List and net price inflation. Notes : Both panels reflect analysis of 1,374 branded product formulations sold in primarily retail pharmacies, but the sample varies in each More
Image
Figure 1 Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Panel A Annual rebate growth. Panel B List and net price inflation. Notes: Both panels reflect analysis of 1,374 branded product formulations sold in primarily retail pharmacies, but the sample varies in each year because of entry and exit. Samples differ by year as a result of product entry and exit. See article for additional details on exclusions. Panel B reflects list and net price inflation calculated with a Laspreyres Price Index for each year pair. This reflects a chain-weighted approach using the balanced sample of products in each pair of adjacent years. Annual inflation is compounded year over year to estimate cumulative inflation relative to 2009. Prices in 2009 are benchmarked at 100%.

Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Pane...

Available to Purchase
in The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 December 2022
Figure 1 Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Panel A Annual rebate growth. Panel B List and net price inflation. Notes : Both panels reflect analysis of 1,374 branded product formulations sold in primarily retail pharmacies, but the sample varies in each More
Image
Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2019). Panel A Insulins. Panel B Hepatitis C antivirals. Panel C Antidepressants. Panel D HIV antiretrovirals. Notes: ATC = anatomical therapeutical chemical classification by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Drug Statistics Methodology. Insulins included are in ATC level 4 categories A10AB (fast acting), A10AC (intermediate acting), A10AD (fast acting with intermediate or long acting), or A10AE (long acting) and include 27 product formulations: afrezza (two formulations), apidra, basaglar, humalog/mix (eight formulations), humulin/mix (eight formulations), lantus (three formulations), soliqua, toujeo (two formulations), and xultophy. The HCV antivirals category (ATC4 category J05AP) includes 14 product formulations: daklinza (three formulations), epclusa, harvoni, mavyret, olysio, sovaldi, victrelis, viekira/xr, vosevi, and zepatier. Hepatitis C products shown starting in 2014 as a result of launch of Sovaldi in late 2013. The antiretroviral drugs are identified as the subset of ATC3 category J05A (direct-acting antivirals) that is approved for HIV and include 71 product formulations: atripla, biktarvy, combivir, complera, crixivan (three formulations), descovy, emtriva (two formulations), epivir (three formulations), epivir hbv (three formulations), epzicom, fuzeon, genvoya, intelence (two formulations), isentress (five formulations), juluca, kaletra (three formulations), lexiva (two formulations), norvir, odefsey, prezista (seven formulations), reyataz (six formulations), selzentry, stribild, sustiva (four formulations), symtuza, tivicay (three formulations), triumeq, trizivir, truvada (four formulations), viread (five formulations), and ziagen (two formulations). The antidepressants category (ATC3 category N06A) includes 58 product formulations: aplenzin (three formulations), celexa (three formulations), cymbalta (three formulations), fetzima (five formulations), lexapro (four formulations), pristiq (three formulations), sarafem (three formulations), savella (five formulations), trintellix (three formulations), viibryd (fivve formulations), wellbutrin sr (five formulations), wellbutrin xl (two formulations), and zoloft (four formulations).

Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2...

Available to Purchase
in The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 December 2022
Figure 2 Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2019). Panel A Insulins. Panel B Hepatitis C antivirals. Panel C Antidepressants. Panel D HIV antiretrovirals. Notes : ATC = anatomical therapeutical chemical classification by the World Health Organization More
Image
Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2019). Panel A Insulins. Panel B Hepatitis C antivirals. Panel C Antidepressants. Panel D HIV antiretrovirals. Notes: ATC = anatomical therapeutical chemical classification by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Drug Statistics Methodology. Insulins included are in ATC level 4 categories A10AB (fast acting), A10AC (intermediate acting), A10AD (fast acting with intermediate or long acting), or A10AE (long acting) and include 27 product formulations: afrezza (two formulations), apidra, basaglar, humalog/mix (eight formulations), humulin/mix (eight formulations), lantus (three formulations), soliqua, toujeo (two formulations), and xultophy. The HCV antivirals category (ATC4 category J05AP) includes 14 product formulations: daklinza (three formulations), epclusa, harvoni, mavyret, olysio, sovaldi, victrelis, viekira/xr, vosevi, and zepatier. Hepatitis C products shown starting in 2014 as a result of launch of Sovaldi in late 2013. The antiretroviral drugs are identified as the subset of ATC3 category J05A (direct-acting antivirals) that is approved for HIV and include 71 product formulations: atripla, biktarvy, combivir, complera, crixivan (three formulations), descovy, emtriva (two formulations), epivir (three formulations), epivir hbv (three formulations), epzicom, fuzeon, genvoya, intelence (two formulations), isentress (five formulations), juluca, kaletra (three formulations), lexiva (two formulations), norvir, odefsey, prezista (seven formulations), reyataz (six formulations), selzentry, stribild, sustiva (four formulations), symtuza, tivicay (three formulations), triumeq, trizivir, truvada (four formulations), viread (five formulations), and ziagen (two formulations). The antidepressants category (ATC3 category N06A) includes 58 product formulations: aplenzin (three formulations), celexa (three formulations), cymbalta (three formulations), fetzima (five formulations), lexapro (four formulations), pristiq (three formulations), sarafem (three formulations), savella (five formulations), trintellix (three formulations), viibryd (fivve formulations), wellbutrin sr (five formulations), wellbutrin xl (two formulations), and zoloft (four formulations).

Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2...

Available to Purchase
in The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 December 2022
Figure 2 Growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices in select categories (2009-2019). Panel A Insulins. Panel B Hepatitis C antivirals. Panel C Antidepressants. Panel D HIV antiretrovirals. Notes : ATC = anatomical therapeutical chemical classification by the World Health Organization More
Image
Figure 3b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointment conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider. Notes: Columns in blue shades apply to urgent care appointments, and columns in orange shades apply to general care appointments. Color is online only.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointment conditional on ...

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in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 3b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointment conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider. Notes : Columns in blue shades apply to urgent care appointments, and columns in orange shades apply to general care appointments. Color is online only. More
Image
Figure 3a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointments. Notes: Columns in blue shades apply to urgent care appointments, and columns in orange shades apply to general care appointments. Color is online only.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointments. Notes : Col...

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in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 3a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointments. Notes : Columns in blue shades apply to urgent care appointments, and columns in orange shades apply to general care appointments. Color is online only. More
Image
Figure 4a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by market.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by ...

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in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 4a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by market. More
Image
Figure 4b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by market conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by ...

Available to Purchase
in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 4b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule urgent care appointment by market conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider. More
Image
Figure 5a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by market.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by mark...

Available to Purchase
in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 5a Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by market. More
Image
Figure 5b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by market conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider.

Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by mark...

Available to Purchase
in Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California > Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 5b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule general appointment by market conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider. More
Journal Article

Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California

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Abigail Burman, Simon F. Haeder
J Health Polit Policy Law (2022) 47 (3): 319–349.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9626866
Published: 01 June 2022
...Figure 3b Percentage of listings with ability to schedule appointment conditional on reaching an accurately listed provider. Notes : Columns in blue shades apply to urgent care appointments, and columns in orange shades apply to general care appointments. Color is online only. ...
FIGURES | View All (10)
View articletitled, Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California View PDF for article titled, Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies

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Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew, Amitabh Chandra
J Health Polit Policy Law (2022) 47 (6): 629–648.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10041079
Published: 01 December 2022
...Figure 1 Aggregate growth in rebates, list prices, and net prices (2009-2019). Panel A Annual rebate growth. Panel B List and net price inflation. Notes : Both panels reflect analysis of 1,374 branded product formulations sold in primarily retail pharmacies, but the sample varies in each...
FIGURES | View All (4)
View articletitled, The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies View PDF for article titled, The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

Rationing Rights: Administrative Burden in Medicaid Long-Term Care Programs

Open Access
Pamela Herd, Rebecca A. Johnson
J Health Polit Policy Law (2025) 50 (2): 223–251.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-11567708
Published: 01 April 2025
...- and community-based services via a complex array of waiver programs that exacerbate costs associated with gaining eligibility. In addition, burdens directly limit access via wait lists and prioritization among the eligible. There is also evidence that states strategically deploy opaqueness to provide political...
View articletitled, Rationing Rights: Administrative Burden in Medicaid Long-Term Care Programs View PDF for article titled, Rationing Rights: Administrative Burden in Medicaid Long-Term Care Programs
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Article

The Antitrust Implications of Relative Value Studies in Medicine

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Clark C. Havighurst, Philip C. Kissam
J Health Polit Policy Law (1979) 4 (1): 48–86.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-4-1-48
Published: 01 February 1979
...Clark C. Havighurst; Philip C. Kissam Relative value studies are lists of “relative values” of different professional services. Antitrust enforcement agencies recently have filed several complaints against the promulgation of relative value studies by professional organizations of physicians...
View articletitled, The Antitrust Implications of Relative Value Studies in Medicine View PDF for article titled, The Antitrust Implications of Relative Value Studies in Medicine
Journal Article

Ethical Criteria for Procuring and Distributing Organs for Transplantation

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James F. Childress
J Health Polit Policy Law (1989) 14 (1): 87–113.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-14-1-87
Published: 01 February 1989
... for Organ Sharing, the author examines the point system for cadaveric kidneys, the access of foreign nationals to organs donated in the U.S., and the multiple listings of patients seeking transplants. He concludes by identifying two major problems of equitable access to donated organs that will have...
View articletitled, Ethical Criteria for Procuring and Distributing Organs for Transplantation View PDF for article titled, Ethical Criteria for Procuring and Distributing Organs for Transplantation
Journal Article

Gap and Parallel Insurance in Health Care Systems with Mandatory Contributions to a Single Funding Pool for Core Medical and Hospital Benefits for All Citizens in Any Given Geographic Area

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Joseph White
J Health Polit Policy Law (2009) 34 (4): 543–583.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2009-015
Published: 01 August 2009
... issue than the gap coverage itself. Parallel coverage raises more significant independent issues. It is particularly related to the dynamics and politics of waiting lists in the statutory system. Waiting lists appear to be a greater concern in single-pool systems than in social insurance systems due...
View articletitled, Gap and Parallel Insurance in Health Care Systems with Mandatory Contributions to a Single Funding Pool for Core Medical and Hospital Benefits for All Citizens in Any Given Geographic Area View PDF for article titled, Gap and Parallel Insurance in Health Care Systems with Mandatory Contributions to a Single Funding Pool for Core Medical and Hospital Benefits for All Citizens in Any Given Geographic Area
Journal Article

Adapting Coercion: How Three Industrialized Nations Manufacture Vaccination Compliance

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Charles Allan McCoy
J Health Polit Policy Law (2019) 44 (6): 823–854.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-7785775
Published: 01 December 2019
... of their citizens. Methods: This research applies a comparative-historical analysis of the three countries listed, using a combination of primary and secondary documents. Findings: The different degrees of compulsion in the vaccination policies of Britain, the United States, and Australia is explained through...
View articletitled, Adapting Coercion: How Three Industrialized Nations Manufacture Vaccination Compliance View PDF for article titled, Adapting Coercion: How Three Industrialized Nations Manufacture Vaccination Compliance
Journal Article

The Politics of Health Care Regulation: The Case of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act

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Drew Altman
J Health Polit Policy Law (1978) 2 (4): 560–580.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-2-4-560
Published: 01 August 1978
... policy in health, these complicating factors must be added to the long list of handicaps that already exist. One important finding is that local planning agencies have embraced the task of health regulation somewhat more fully than had generally been expected. A number of explanations...
View articletitled, The Politics of Health Care Regulation: The Case of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act View PDF for article titled, The Politics of Health Care Regulation: The Case of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act
Journal Article

Technology Assessment and the Sociopolitics of Health Technologies

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Pascale Lehoux, Stuart Blume
J Health Polit Policy Law (2000) 25 (6): 1083–1120.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-25-6-1083
Published: 01 December 2000
...Pascale Lehoux; Stuart Blume In a growing number of countries, health technology assessment (HTA) has come to be seen as a vital component in policy making. Even though the assessment of the social, political, and ethical aspects of health technology is listed as one of its main objectives...
View articletitled, Technology Assessment and the Sociopolitics of Health Technologies View PDF for article titled, Technology Assessment and the Sociopolitics of Health Technologies
Journal Article

Errata

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J Health Polit Policy Law (2012) 37 (5): 883.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-1894011
Published: 01 October 2012
... and appeared on the guest list for a Clinton White House dinner for the king of Morocco (Farnstrom 2007; Geracimos 2000; Washington Times 2009). On page 85, the reference to the American College of Physicians and Surgeons should be to the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons. On page 91...
View articletitled, Errata View PDF for article titled, Errata