...Benjamin Hawkins; Chris Holden Abstract The importance of trade and investment agreements for health is now widely acknowledged in the literature, with much attention now focused on the impact of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms. However, much of the analysis of such agreements...

..., and sometimes well-intended efforts can backfire. Benjamin Hawkins and Chris Holden's article, “A Corporate Veto on Health Policy? Global Constitutionalism and Investor–State Dispute Settlement,” makes this argument by showing how attempts to “constitutionalize” investment law through a proliferation...

... Approaches to Mitigating Surprise Out-of-Network Billing .” Brookings Institution , February 19 . www.brookings.edu/research/state-approaches-to-mitigating-surprise-out-of-network-billing/ . Bluth Rachel , and Huetteman Emmarie . 2019 . “ Investors’ Deep-Pocket Push to Defend Surprise...

... 91 ( fall ): 431 -453. Falcone , David , and David G. Warren. 1988 . The Shadow Price of Pluralism: The Use of Tax Expenditures to Subsidize Hospital Care in the United States. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 13 ( 4 ): 735 -752. Fielding , Jonathan , and Thomas Rice...

... is the historical selection of organizational forms: why hospitals, clinics, public health agencies, medical schools, or, in this case, private health insurance and prepayment plans assumed distinctive organizational forms in the United States. These issues come up in the context of a more general argument about...

..., commercial insurers, and state officials — eventually reached a compro- mise “all-payer system” settlement that contained costs without altering the special status of Blue Cross (Richard A. Knox, Boston Globe, June 27, 1982; Richard A. Knox, Boston Globe, August 24, 1982; Bergthold 1990: 94–101...

... that threatened to destabilize whole hospitals or even the closure of hospital departments. This is in sharp contrast to the United States, where private investors have driven rapid and volatile change. Tuohy (1999a, 1999b) considered the Labour Party’s response to the policies of the internal market...

..., rather than federalism alone, aids technological progress by allowing its supporters to “venue shop” around political resistance. Decentralization also makes the state less vulnerable to capture by status-quo interest groups. Moreover, political decentralization may have a positive effect...