...Troyen A. Brennan; Robert F. Carter How to evaluate and apply probabilistic scientific evidence that cancer (or other diseases) have been caused by chemical substances (or other environmental agents) constitutes a critical problem which must be addressed by legal institutions. This article analyzes...

... be considered. This article examines lessons for HIA in the United States from the related and relatively well-developed field of environmental impact assessment (EIA). We reviewed the EIA literature and conducted twenty phone interviews with EIA professionals. Successes of EIA cited by respondents included...

... for the violation of the standards for research on human subjects. Baruch A. Brody, Baylor College of Medicine Andrew Szasz. Ecopopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. 216 pages, $39.95 cloth, $16.95...

...Alina Gildiner Laura Jones, ed. Safe Enough? Managing Risk and Regulation . Vancouver, BC: Fraser Institute, 2000. 279 pp. $19.95CDN cloth. S. Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman. Environmental Cancer—A Political Disease? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. 256 pp. $40.00 cloth...

...Barry G. Rabe Thomas H. Fletcher. From Love Canal to Environmental Justice: The Politics of Hazardous Waste on the Canada-U.S. Border . Peterborough,Ontario: Broadview, 2003. 239 pp. $19.95 paper. © 2004 by Duke University Press 2004 Books...

...Barry G. Rabe Congress plays a central role in national environmental policy formation but appears ill equipped to set policy priorities and devise integrative legislation. Fragmentation of authority among a multiplicity of committees and subcommittees, especially in the House, contributes...

...Daniel Swartzman Richard H. Gaskins, Environmental Accidents: Personal Injury and Public Responsibility (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 459 pp., $34.95. Copyright © 1990 by Duke University Press 1990 References Barrett , W. 1962 . Irrational Man. Garden City...

... with obesity, express relatively low support for obesity-targeted policies, and still view obesity as resulting from individual failure rather than environmental or genetic sources. Given the absence of elite discourse on this problem, we also find that typical determinants of policy preferences...

...Sylvia Tesh This article distinguishes three current theories that purport to account for the etiology of chronic diseases: a germ theory, a lifestyle theory and an environmental theory. Since each of these proposals about disease causality implies a different locus of responsibility for disease...

... measures, environmental and personal, for both short- and long-term hazards. Where the foregoing problems interfere with full disclosure, this norm's full preventive role may not be fulfilled. Evaluation of the effect of disclosure requirements on promoting occupational health and safety must include...

... the ambiguity surrounding the question of health effects. The result is a confusing mixture of warnings and reassurances, of calls for more study, or for immediate action, that distinguishes the EMF issue from other, better-defined environmental risks. While much of the discussion of EMF has focused...

...) for medical facilities. In addition there are funds available for innovative projects which hold the prospect of improving health services and environmental conditions within the community. The act also provides the states and local organizations with substantial power over a large portion of the allocations...

... long and heated debate over social, economic, and biological causes, the article argues that the vocabularies of health reform are both semantic and also deeply political—framing different reform agendas. The article describes the evolving US debate over the biological, social, or environmental origins...

... overall hospital expenditures; that is, if HMOs are providing lower-cost care, then the fee-for-service system will be forced to reduce costs in order to be competitive. The authors studied the 25 largest SMSAs from 1971-1981, and controlling for environmental conditions in each market, they examined...

... for exercising power and control vis-à-vis the health enterprises. How the trade-off between autonomy and control is experienced and practiced is analyzed from an instrumental, an institutional, and an environmental perspective. The database comprises a survey collected from health enterprise executives...

... hospitals in the United States during the year 2000. Multiple regression procedures were used to test the effect of community benefit laws and type of ownership while controlling for organizational and environmental variables. The results of these procedures indicated that, on average, not-for-profit...

... in their communities. The article highlights the institutional challenges that confront health-promotion strategies for disadvantaged populations. Unless they take proper account of organizational, political, environmental, and cultural forces, funders' interventions have limited chances for success and sustainability...

... in metropolitan areas around the United States. In this article, we evaluate the product of the concept-planning process from the standpoint of the extent to which environmental elements conducive to active living were included. We also analyze four issues in which challenges to the incorporation of active-living...

... the political history of health care reform in the 93rd Congress. In doing so, I highlight critical institutional, environmental, and strategic lessons that today's reformers can learn from the experience of 1974. Copyright © 1999 by Duke University Press 1999 References Associated Press. 1974...

... of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3834, Durham, NC 27710, (919) 942-2480 (telephone and fax), dgwarren@duke.edu. Copyright © 1999 by Duke University Press 1999 News and Notes...