Search Results for electronic nicotine delivery systems

...Natalie Hemmerich; Elizabeth G. Klein; Micah Berman Abstract Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) were introduced into the US market in 2007, and until recently these devices were unregulated at the federal level. In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Notice...

... in electronic nicotine delivery systems were more likely to rely on sources that were not peer reviewed and that were affected by conflicts of interest than were supporters of the regulation. The FDA did not fully take into account these biases or conflicts of interest in its final deeming rule. The authors...

... . Marynak Kristy , Holmes Carissa Baker , King Brian A. , Promoff Gabbi , Bunnell Rebecca , and McAfee Timothy . 2014 . “ State Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors and Indoor Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems—United States, November 2014 .” Morbidity and Mortality...

...Robert Hunt Sprinkle Standard models of patient demand for health care and health care suppliers' response to that demand imply that some manner of manipulation of the prices faced by patients must be chief among the mechanisms of systemic cost control. However convenient econometrically...