... insightful assessment of both its virtues and its flaws, especially in relation to the Westernizing trends of the late Qing. Yu Yue examination essay puxue Zeng Guofan parody In 1900, the renowned classical exegete Yu Yue 俞樾 ( hao Quyuan 曲園, 1821–1907) penned a bagu 八股 parody (apparently now...

... throughout the play both as humor—perhaps intended as a parody of the object under consideration—and also to underscore the fictional nature of the theater.” 33 For example, when the female lead Poorlass seeks out her newly graduated husband, the gatekeeper says, “Oh, it's just a fake female” in allusion...

... themselves on the hallowed model of sworn brotherhood made famous in the fifteenth-century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms ( Sanguo yanyi 三國演義), 15 but more closely recalling the sworn brothers parodied at the beginning of the sixteenth century novel Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅 (The Plum in the Golden Vase...

... in the Treasury revolve around trust, credibility, and credulity. The Ming thinker Li Zhi 李贄 (1527–1602)—whom Hsu thinks the young Feng Menglong admired—in both his writings and his self-presentation highlighted, parodied, and lamented the condition of the time: that things and people were not what...

... in filiality and regards the apparent gender reversion between her and An Ji as an intentional parody of the conventions of the scholar-beauty romance. 52 With these studies in mind, I examine the character of He Yufeng and the rationale behind her transformation through an analysis of the novel's dining...

... hucksterism” ( zhanzhuan baifan 輾轉稗販). 86 “Hawking” faulty wares, the Cihua blurs the lines between “corruption and creation, and between citation and parody”—in doing so the novel's games mock efforts to establish legitimate textual authority. 87 Wen's carefree approach to mixing and matching...

... farcical. The Jia Rui story thus becomes a parody of eroticism. The exaggerated lust of the male flesh that used to conquer every female body is turned into a laughingstock. In this act of revision the Stone mocks the convention of erotic fiction and makes fun of itself—after all, the author chose...

...之下，今日講經靈隱寺，在飛來峰之下，合就號做個雷峰禪師，合就號做個飛峰禪師。」 20 Compared to the naming of Sun Wukong 孫悟空 in Xiyou ji with its scene of secret transmission (to some extent a parody of Chan master Huineng's 慧能 enlightenment episode in Liuzu tanjing 六祖壇經 [The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch]), the naming...

... baguwen , 165–77 . 33. On the influence of ancient-style prose on the writing of eight-legged essays, see Liu Zunju, “‘Yi guwen wei shiwen’ de chuangzuo xingtai.” 34. For a parody of the eight-legged essay, see HTRCProse , C14.2, You Tong 尤侗, “How Irresistible That Parting Glance of Her...