...? Is it a systematic code or simply the invention of a crafty adviser? And what are the “rules” he adduces: historical models, codified law, customary law, or something else? And how are we to imagine a society that supposedly adheres to such rigid “systems” and “rules”? Durrant, Li, and Schaberg do not clarify...

... the expenditure of resources in military action (Li). In the case of the Taiping Wars, dehumanizing rhetoric and the use of bestial and demonic epithets fueled violence and shaped the moral contours of contemporary and later representations of the conflict (Jin). References Durrant, Stephen , Wai-yee...

... (Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn); see Dong, Luxuriant Gems . 61. See Sterckx, Food, Sacrifice, and Sagehood , 196 . 62. See Durrant, Cloudy Mirror . 63. See Wang, Shiyi ji , 78 . Older versions indicate he was born blind. 64. See Zhuang, Zhuangzi , 150...

... ancestors. One never hears of their having devoted themselves to natural defenses and horses” 恃險與馬，不可以為固也，從古以然。是以先王務脩德音以亨神、人，不聞其務險與馬也. Chunqiu zuozhuan zhushu , the first year of Lord Zhao, 42.4415; translation from Durrant, Li, and Schaberg, Zuo Tradition , 3:1365 . 29. Wei, Wei shu , 4.107...

... attention to Wu Na's definition, quoted in Wu and Xu, Wenzhang bianti xushuo , 42 . 13. The authorial preface of course has a hallowed precedent in Sima Qian. See Shiji , n. 8, and Durrant, “Self as the Intersection.” 14. The sample consists of seventy-two collections by individual women...

... as criteria for distinction between Chinese and barbarians, see Wei, Yi Xia guan yanjiu , 47–48, 57–61 . 3. Citations from Zuozhuan in this article are from Durrant, Li, and Schaberg, Zuo Tradition (cited as ZT in text and notes). In some cases I have introduced slight modifications. 2...

... . Csikszentmihalyi, Mark . Material Virtue: Ethics and the Body in Early China . Leiden : Brill , 2004 . Dongguan Hanji jiaozhu 東觀漢記校注 ( A Collated and Annotated Edition of Dongguan Records of the Han ). Edited by Wu Shuping 吳樹平 . Beijing : Zhonghua shuju , 2008 . Durrant, Stephen , Wai-yee...

...., Yigai , 47 . My translation. 8. Ibid., 48. 9. Durrant, Li, and Schaberg, Zuozhuan , 435–37 . 10. Liu X., Yigai , 1 . 11. Su, Su Shi quanji , 988 . 12. Liu Zhenlun, Han Yu wenji , 10.1055 ; translated by Ronald Egan in HTRCProse , chap. 11, “Tang and Song...