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Journal Article
The Making of Barbarians: Chinese Literature and Multilingual Asia
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2024) 11 (2): 413–418.
Published: 01 November 2024
... : University of Hawaiʻi Press , 2016 . Yang, Shao-yun 楊劭允 . The Way of the Barbarians: Redrawing Ethnic Boundaries in Tang and Song China . Seattle : University of Washington Press , 2019 . Zhang, Yue 張月 . Lore and Verse: Poems on History in Early Medieval China . Albany : State University...
Journal Article
Cultural Identity and Cultural Difference in Zuozhuan
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 7–33.
Published: 01 April 2020
...Wai-yee Li Abstract There is no fixed categorical term for barbarians in Chinese. Specific groups are identified as “aliens” or “cultural others” through words like Man 蠻, Yi 夷, Rong 戎, and Di 狄, but all four terms can be specific or categorical. It is often said that the us-versus-them formula...
Journal Article
Poetry and Diplomacy in the Zuozhuan
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2014) 1 (1-2): 241–261.
Published: 01 November 2014
... of “Chinese” and “barbarians”? How does it define the struggle for supremacy, push for political advantage, and cover up weakness? Does the manipulation of meanings and interpretations indicate anxieties about the power of ritual propriety to correct political failures? Copyright © 2014 by Duke University...
Journal Article
Exit, Pursued by a Bear: Dushu sheng and the Limits of Community in the Early Qing
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 149–166.
Published: 01 April 2020
..., the protagonist is wed to both the daughter of a boatman and the daughter of a Mongol official. But while this double marriage offers the possibility of a productive overcoming of the distinctions between scholar and merchant and between Chinese and barbarian, the tragic fate of the renxiong forecloses any...
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Journal Article
Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 1–6.
Published: 01 April 2020
.... 643 BCE) makes the case for Qi to help the small central state Xing 邢 fight Di 狄 incursion: “The Rong and the Di [barbarians] are jackals and wolves and cannot be satisfied. The central domains [ zhuxia 諸夏] are close intimates and cannot be abandoned.” 1 In many cases, denigrating comparisons have...
Journal Article
Knowledge, Emotion, and Imagination: Negotiating Cultural Boundaries in The Eunuch Sanbao's Voyage to the Western Ocean
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 115–148.
Published: 01 April 2020
... that, while the novel does contain a number of chauvinistic expressions, such as “China is ruler and father, the barbarians are subjects and sons” 中國為君為父，夷狄為臣為子, prompting scholars to criticize its Sinocentrism, 14 the author's efforts to diversify his main characters' ethnic backgrounds and his portrayals...
Journal Article
Fashioning Cosmopolitan Desires: The “Bamboo Branch Lyrics” Poetry Genre in Late Chosŏn Korea
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2024) 11 (2): 317–348.
Published: 01 November 2024
... chukchisa 上元竹枝詞 (Bamboo Branch Lyrics on the First Full-Moon Day of the Lunar Year) and Oei chukchisa 外夷竹枝詞 (Bamboo Branch Lyrics on Outer Barbarians) by Cho Susam; Kŭmgwan chukchisa 金官竹枝詞 (Bamboo Branch Lyrics of Kimhae) by Yi Hakkyu 李學逵 (1770–1835); 44 P'yŏngyang chukchisa 平壤竹枝詞 (Bamboo Branch...
Journal Article
Journeys to the West: Travelogues and Discursive Power in the Making of the Mongol Empire
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 60–86.
Published: 01 April 2020
... left the Shu province and traveled to the West, 蜀郡西遊日 2 Was the moment he bade farewell to the East at Hangu Pass. 函關東別時 If all the barbarians respectfully touch the ground with their heads, 群胡若稽首 4 The foundation of the Great Way will be laid again! 大道復開基 10 The travelogue...
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Journal Article
Multiple Otherness: Identity Politics in the Taiping Civil War
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 215–231.
Published: 01 April 2020
... the Barbarian” 奉天討胡; and “Saving All Those Who Are Born of and Nourished by Heaven as God's Sons and Daughters; Also Decreeing to Save All the Chinese People Who Did Not Know the Great Righteousness and Therefore Mistakenly Helped the Demonic Barbarians Harm China” 救一切天生天養，凡屬天父上主皇上帝子女者，又諭救一切中國人民從前不知大義，誤幫妖胡自害中國者...
Journal Article
The Epistolary Self and Psychological Warfare: Tuoba Tao's 拓跋燾 (408–452, r. 423–452) Letters and His Southern Audience
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 34–59.
Published: 01 April 2020
... withdrew his troops back to the capital of Pingcheng 平城 to recuperate. In the “Biography of Braided Barbarians” 索虜傳 (Suo lu zhuan) of Song shu 宋書 (History of the Song Dynasty), where Tuoba Tao's letters are preserved, the compiler Shen Yue introduces the composition and delivery of the northern emperor's...
Journal Article
Civilization Remapped in Chikamatsu Monzaemon's The Later Battles of Coxinga
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2024) 11 (2): 349–369.
Published: 01 November 2024
... perspectives with disorienting speed: the pitiful sight of women and the elderly crying for mercy is undercut immediately by the callous characterization of these same captives as “island barbarians with no sense of culture” 都を知らぬ島夷 ( miyako o shiranu shima ebisu ). 40 Nor does Chikamatsu's Coxinga find...
Journal Article
Virtuous Wives and Shrews in Feng Shuangfei : Empowering Female Characters Through a Revision of Stereotypes
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2016) 3 (1): 57–84.
Published: 01 April 2016
... Similarly, when she dresses in men's clothes, the language used to describe her attractiveness is also gender ambiguous. So, when Murong Zhu, a non-Chinese barbarian princess, sees Feixiang dressed as a scholar, Zhu describes her as follows: “His spirit is like autumn water, his bones are like ice and jade...
Journal Article
Men's Appearance and Political Careers in Han China
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2018) 5 (1): 34–65.
Published: 01 April 2018
...). The awe that Wang Shang's towering figure and dignified manner struck into the heart of the “barbarian” leader gave an important symbolic edge to the Chinese host—invaluable on a diplomatic occasion when every word and body language sign could contribute in the jostle for the upper hand between two...
Journal Article
The Boundary of Chinese Music: A Cultural and Aesthetic Comparison between Pipa and Guqin
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2022) 9 (2): 425–457.
Published: 01 November 2022
... be examined by a pair of relative concepts: huaxia 華夏 (Han Chinese, Sino) and yidi 夷狄 (barbarians). Emperor Tai of Tang 唐太宗 (598–649) once initiated a humble discussion with his officials about why he could outperform many of his predecessors despite his “mediocre talents.” Among the five reasons he...
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Journal Article
The Elusiveness of Commonality: Late Twentieth-Century Sinology and the Search for a Shared Lyric Language
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2022) 9 (1): 8–46.
Published: 01 April 2022
... is the only pass leading through the Great Wall and into the chung-yuan . Those who fail to enter through this pass must remain more or less tame barbarians basking in the partial glow that is reflected into the outer border regions.” 4 Mote may well have been deliberately ironic, even erecting...
Journal Article
Wang Anshi and Song Poetic Culture
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2022) 9 (2): 499–505.
Published: 01 November 2022
... on the two lines, “Han's favor is shallow and the barbarian's deep; / The joy of life is to know each other's heart” 漢恩自淺胡自深，人生樂在相知心, which deal with the contrast between the Han and Xiongnu in treating Zhaojun (16). Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) considered these lines as evidence of a bias toward the innovation...
Journal Article
Exile, Borders, and Poetry: A Study of Fang Xiaobiao's “Miscellaneous Poems on the Eastern Journey”
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (1): 192–214.
Published: 01 April 2020
... and cultural dichotomies as “Chinese and barbarians” ( Huayi 華夷) and “Chinese and foreign” ( Zhongwai 中外) were closely linked with this territorial divide. Rising from central and southern Manchuria, the Manchus defeated the Ming and became the new masters of China in the mid-seventeenth century. All...
Journal Article
Heroes Play by the Rules: Yu Yue's Pedagogy for the Eight-Legged Essay
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2020) 7 (2): 235–267.
Published: 01 November 2020
..., and other dynasties of barbarians that had taken advantage of Chinese hospitality and kindness to conduct reconnaissance that could then be useful during subsequent aggression. 47 “As the world moves forward, [we must make] even stricter distinctions between Chinese and foreigners. . . . When Chinese...
Journal Article
Song History in Kowloon and Loyalist Classical Poetry: Chen Botao, Sung Wong Toi, and Autumn Chants on the Terrace of the Song Emperors
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2016) 3 (2): 448–470.
Published: 01 November 2016
... what it could depend on, 南溟鎖鑰失所恃， What a pity the mulberry forests and seas are filled with the floating dust of the barbarians. 可憐桑海揚胡塵。 33 While acknowledging that Hong Kong is already part of the British Empire, Su's phrase “key to the Southern Seas” ( nanmin suoshi 南溟鎖鑰) reveals...
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Journal Article
The Textual Architecture of Empire in Two Early Qing Anthologies
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Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (2021) 8 (2): 371–398.
Published: 01 November 2021
... of the seventeenth century like Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–1692) considered the Manchus barbarians, morally inferior to the Han people. 16 Qing emperors' edicts about widow chastity awards reveal that Manchu rulers were conscious of the differences between Manchu and Han gender norms and their political ramifications...
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