...Hsiang-Ke Chao Abstract The history of the transmission of Western knowledge to China—Western Learning or Xixue —usually revolves around travelers. What is unmentioned, however, is that the identity of the two types of Chinese travelers of economic knowledge evolved throughout the Western Learning...

... into a more general language that could be understood by a larger community of scientists and by a nationwide public opinion. Political change imposed severe time constraints on data collection. Farm types were devised to handle variety quickly and effectively. Types mobilized difference while preserving...

... and on the type of decision he is studying. Eventually he did propose a univocal analysis—an objectivist one—of the producer's decision between making and buying and the policy decision among institutional arrangements. This essay initiates a study of Coase's theory of decision. It returns to his subjectivist...

..., but emerges most clearly in the 1976 book. There, Scitovsky presents in an economic context the essential elements of Fromm’s psychosocial critique of the United States, a Puritan-type culture that encourages moneymaking but not the cultivation of leisure; a mass-production economy that provides comfort...

...Allison Demeritt; Karla Hoff A core insight of behavioral economics is that we are “fast thinkers”; very little human thinking resembles the rational, deliberate type that charac-terizes homo economicus . What is less well recognized is that our innate reliance on cognitive shortcuts means...

... pieces. As with the rest of the correspondence between them, the letters published here refer to the prize proposed by Windischgrätz in 1784–85. The Programme of this prize was looking for general formulas that would normalize all types of property transfer. Adam Smith replied that the great diversity...

... types of social expediency, thus reducing the role of luck in human affairs. Over time, justice requires a move from ``democratic equality'' to the achievement of ``luck egalitarianism.'' Rather than viewing these as competing approaches to justice, this reading of Mill views them as succeeding stages...

... hand, Commons followed Hohfeld and recognized that such concepts as property and inheritance actually represent an aggregation of numerous types of legal relations. Hohfeld's schema provided a powerful rhetorical and analytical tool whereby these highly abstract conceptions could be reduced...

... required for a particular type of interdisciplinarity. Copyright 2010 by Duke University Press 2010 I wish to thank Kim Birchall for assistance in compiling the faculty membership of the CST and Rachel Penn for assistance in compiling information about its graduates, their dissertations...

... the variety of views that arose among economists as to the significance of Douglas's results and, more generally, the potential value of the type of work he was doing. The second part examines the work of a group of agricultural economists who successfully established the Cobb-Douglas regression as a research...

... the use of visual language in economics textbooks intended for nonspecialists, in periodicals such as the Survey (a monthly magazine intended for an audience of social workers), and by various state departments and agencies during the Roosevelt administration. We focus on two types of visuals...

... with other forms of land use, employing calculations that are in line with modern capital and investment theory. The emergence of this type of natural resource economic reasoning was stimulated by the extensive institutional and political changes in England in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Only...

... of public finance as a distinct field within economics. This includes examination of the subject’s definition, its boundaries, and the types of analyses undertaken. Academic training, including courses and readings, at Columbia, Chicago, Harvard, and Wisconsin is compared. Correspondence may...

...-part account of human choice, is a functional theory amounting, after some years of evolution, to a classification of types of deviation from “rational” reward maximization. Animal choice, on the other hand, can be explained causally as the outcome of competition between a set of possible responses...

... and Karen Brutents, the article suggests that by the 1970s and 1980s, Soviet analysts increasingly believed that state structures could be self-interested, functioning as a type of class. Soviet scholars concluded that such self-interested state structures explained some of what they perceived...

... the development of a history of “economics and engineering,” which depicts how these two types of knowledge–and the communities who produce them–have interacted in various institutional and national contexts. Drawing on the contributions to this 2020 annual supplement of HOPE , we show how these narratives may...

... economies (from war or depression) as well as creating “modern” economies in postwar developmental states. The latter is marked by the development of engineering-type tools to solve particular economic problems. While the former mode came into its own in mid-century, and lost confidence in later years...

... state of capital accumulation does not necessarily imply a stationary state of human improvement. However, he seemed to argue that in China these two types of stationary states have a mutual effect upon each other. John Stuart Mill on China s Stationary State Yue Xiao The study of Mill s influence...

... economic benefits of organizational types (leading to a diagnosis of cooperation’s limitations). Secondly, the tension is also an outcome of reflection on the historical development of British cooperatives. The prevalence of consumer (rather than productive) cooperatives in nineteenth-century Britain leads...

... policymakers’ pursuit of a perceived long-run inflation/unemployment trade-off. The position advanced in these 2000−2009 papers was that, instead, UK economic policy until 1979 subscribed to a nonmonetary perspective on inflation. This perspective implied UK authorities’ rejection of Phillips-curve-type trade...