Search Results for trained judgement

... inference. At first sight, this seems very much in the line of Lorraine Das-ton and Peter Galison’s account of objectivity. They argue that in the twentieth century the awareness arose that mechanical-objective pictures still could contain errors that should be erased by trained judgement. Gal-ton’s case...

..., they started to complement their mechanical forecasting procedures, which purported to display the future on the graph almost automatically, by trained judgment (Daston and Galison 2010: 309 61). From June 1922 on, discussions of the proba- ble course of policies and their effects became of crucial...

... phthisis (consumption) patients, series, 16 18, 182 212 15, 219, 223 statistical inference, 4, 10, 16 17, sorting methods, 212, 214, 114 220 21, 223 Hacking, Ian, 227 trained judgment, 223, 225 Hanemann, W. Michael, 294 metaphorical reasoning, 209 Harberger, Arnold, 29, 41, 46 pictorial inference...

... of the beginning chapter of The wealth of nations, for example, states: “The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour” (3...

... these obviously do not apply with equal force in Communist countries. After considerable discussion a,mong the contributors it became clear that there was no simple satisfactory solution to this problem. Consequently each participant in the project has made an independent judgement...

... . On Adam Smith's “Wealth of Nations”: A Philosophical Companion . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Forman-Barzilai, Fonna. 2006 . Smith on “Connexion,” Culture, and Judgment. In New Voices on Adam Smith , edited by Leonidas Montes and Eric Schliesser. London: Routledge. Ginzburg, Carlo. 1994...

... Approaches to Science. New York: Pergamon. Booth , Wayne C. 1974 . Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bourdieu , Pierre . 1984 . Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Brown , Lisa...

... particular interests came to be reflected in corre- spondingly partisan opinions of the economists they employed. The decline in unanimity must ultimately weaken the economists’ position in government and lessen reliance on their judgment. Recently there has been some revival of the opposition...

... economists in the early fifties (and, in his judgment, too many still) tended to approach development, Hirschman perceived a strong preference for “dynamic” (multiyear), com- prehensive, structural planning. He elaborated on what this meant in A Bias for Hope, a selection of his own papers that began...

... This continuity can be attributed to two factors. Firstly, economists claimed that they were simply bureaucrats and, as permanent civil ser- vants, they had no option but to carry out the wishes of their political masters. As one economist put it, the political masters provide the value judgement...

... to an almost in- exorable bureaucratic process in which the emphasis was placed on graduate recruitment, especially in economics and commerce. It was to a great extent the judgement of the bureaucracy, reflecting underlying cultural attitudes towards ‘practical’ training, which led to the empha...

..., and for the first time performs real adminis- trative duties requiring a fair amount of judgment. This will be during his fourth and fifth years in MOF (i.e. fifth and sixth years for those who have studied abroad). However, he does not make final decisions by himself, but follows the instructions of his...

... it to [the] experts’ judgment what to stress” (x), a minimum set of basic facts (facts that could be summarized in a table in chapter 1) would have been a plus. As it took a long time for the book to be published, its initial motivation was chal- lenged by the global economic crisis that started in 2007, which...

... historians of economic thought obsessed with the Anglo-Saxon roots of the subject. Unfortunately, many will only be able to read this work at a high cost, being neither comfortable nor proficient with the French language. In my judgment, the cost is worth it. However, it would be desirable to have...

... less than revolutionary, and if one accepts the judgment of one informed, cynical, and internationally minded ob- server, the legacy of the past still casts a dark shadow over the current professional situation and The Caravan: The Struggle to Professionalize...

... judgment and social graces took a central role: Ethelbert Stew- art insisted that agents who encountered apparent discrepancies should utilize “common sense, but above all kindness,” since “it very often hap- pens that these unusual statements are true.”7 4. “Instructions, Family Budgets, July...

... the plurality of years. The biographical sources I consulted often listed two jobs or assign- ments at the same time for an economist, and if a primary position was not specified, some judgment on my part was necessary. As a rule I tried to determine which job provided the majority of the person’s income...

...: Positive Science or Normative Judgment. American Economic Review 80 . 2 : 210 –15. Robbins , L. C. 1955 . The Teaching of Economics in Schools and Universities. Economic Journal 65 : 579 –93. Robbins , L. C. 1971 . Autobiography of an Economist . London: Macmillan/St Martin's...

... forms throughout their reports. Fearon used a school age of 5-13. Fitch, “to avoid dogmatic statement” used various ones: 3-13, 3-15, or 5-13. We learn also from these reports the detailed basis of the bureau’s judgment that the education of 20,000 students in Liverpool was “not worth having...

... epistemology, in which experience and judgment played a central role in scientific activities, for they contributed to shape scientists’ perception of phenomena and were key in the production of knowledge. 8 Peirce's ideas about inference were also relevant for Wilson, who situated Peirce as a key...