... of the evolving interaction of tools, theories, and researchers, within an overall process of learning by modifying. Using citation and cocitation networks, extracting algorithms and semantic networks, we found evidence that confirms the unfolding of an interdependent and collective evolution of the impact...

... of the evolving interaction of tools, theories, and researchers within an overall process of learning by modifying. Using citation and cocitation networks, extracting algorithms and semantic networks, we found evidence that confirms the unfolding of an interdependent and collective evolution of the impact...

... for this fine study of one of the foremost men ever to appear in the history of eco- nomics. University of Amsterdam ARNOLDHEERTJE A Tool of Power: The Political History of Money. By William Wiseley. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977. Pp. 401. $16.95. Here...

...Joel Isaac This essay explores a form of reflexivity peculiar to the postwar social sciences. The mobilization of science in the United States during World War II released across the social sciences a wave of new research tools: mathematical models and calculation techniques ranging from game...

... Raymond W . 2008 . Information Theory and Network Coding . New York : Springer US . The Engineering Tools That Shaped the Rational Expectations Revolution Marcel Boumans In 2011, a panel discussion was held marking the ftieth anniversary of John Muth s Rational Expectations and the Theory...

... of tools, especially macroeconometric models. These models are never built by one person, but require close cooperation of multiple teams, each from a specific discipline, while their workplaces are not necessarily located at universities. Unlike theories, a tool is designed and made for a specific purpose...

... economies (from war or depression) as well as creating “modern” economies in postwar developmental states. The latter is marked by the development of engineering-type tools to solve particular economic problems. While the former mode came into its own in mid-century, and lost confidence in later years...

...Harro Maas This essay examines the importance of an accounting culture for the rise of marginalism in Victorian England. I trace the use of accounting tools in family and private life to fend off uncertainties in the market and to enhance moral control of the self, examining the use of diaristic...

... concepts of stability provided Solow the tools for the aggregation of technical change. However, Samuelson's concepts were defined in relation to static equilibrium and not to growth. To arrive at his 1957 representation of technical change, Solow successfully applied P. H. Leslie's concepts and tools...

... the certainty equivalence property, which made their solutions feasible for the computers available at that time. Appearing in that narrative are Poole (1970) and Sargent and Wallace (1975), who were among the first to apply the tool to monetary economics. In this article I argue that in addition to offering...

... tool in their field. They saw the regression as a way to address long-standing questions specific to agricultural economics. As a result, their defense and development of the method, as well as the criticisms they attracted from their colleagues, while drawing on the earlier literature surrounding...

..., persistent accusations of an antiprogress bias, and the provision of few details about policy applications, the machine tax proposals faded rapidly after 1940. Given familiarity with an active government role in economic policy and knowledge about taxes as tools of these policies, it should not be a surprise...

... contribution as a new way of producing scientific knowledge that consisted in the construction and use of complex tools (macro-econometric models) within specific institutional configurations (econometric laboratories) used for explicit policy and scientific objectives in which the well-defined roles...

... and welfare issues. Thereby, the article investigates how econometrics was anchored in a tension between being stated as a tool of knowledge defined within a reference to positivism on the one hand, and as a mean of changing society and creating a better world on the other. Three main issues of debate can...

..., and, behind them, two distinct communities—welfare economics, which was on the wane, against the emerging social choice theory—representing two conflicting ways of dealing with mathematical tools in welfare economics and two different conceptions of social welfare. The Death of Welfare Economics: History...

... to contribute to the scientific conversation in their own right as they commented on the original texts and made significant and often unacknowledged adjustments to the texts. They invariably appealed to a broader audience than did the original authors, and they used the same tools and techniques as did...

... hand, Commons followed Hohfeld and recognized that such concepts as property and inheritance actually represent an aggregation of numerous types of legal relations. Hohfeld's schema provided a powerful rhetorical and analytical tool whereby these highly abstract conceptions could be reduced...

..., however, proved difficult to be addressed with the then available economic tools and this, in turn, led to their being simply shelved. We conclude by noting that the participants in this debate cast the problem of social interrelations in consumption almost exclusively in terms of positional rivalry...

... in corporate management and governance of the last decades of the twentieth century—from the junk bond market in the 1980s to the exponential growth of CEO pay in the 1990s to the shareholder value management strategies of the 2000s. While debates about the spread of neoliberal ideas and governance tools have...

..., while not necessarily prompting a transformation of economists' core beliefs (in Kemmerer's case, the gold standard), may still lead to new tools and skills adjusted to the role of missionary. Kemmerer developed a rhetoric as policymaker and diplomatic envoy that allowed him to effectively interact...