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...” as a neglected social ill, but rather, “produced” to allow for new techniques of social intervention. The theoretical discovery of the “poverty” issue then, was marked by the slow constitution of a new political subject known as the “poor,” whose categorization and conceptualization would stand in stark...

...Emilia Bonaccorsi di Patti Francesco Ferrara and Subjective Value Theory Emilia Bonaccorsi di Patti Economists generally acknowledge that the break between classical and neoclassical economic theory occurred in the early 1870s, with the major contributions of William Stanley Jevons, Carl...

...Odd Langholm This paper examines some of Martin Luther's economic ideas from a largely neglected point of view. Religious issues naturally dominated his writings. When he turned to economic subjects, his primary focus was on the usurious practices of the banks and trading companies of his times...

.... The similarity he points to, however, is somewhat limited: while some of his articles from the 1930s stressed the subjectivity of producers' decisions, his later criticisms of standard policies, as well as the method he suggests for the design of policy, are based on the idea that costs are objective...

...Pierangelo Garegnani Ten years on, Professor Blaug has returned to a subject on which his 1999 article, “Misunderstanding Classical Economics: The Sraffian Interpretation of the Surplus Approach,” stirred up lively debate. The subject is, as he puts it, “Sraffian economics,” and his 2009 paper...

... American career. In particular, Ely consistently attacked laissez-faire economics for positing absolute economic laws rather than understanding the economy and economics as human enterprises subject to change. He advocated for empirical economic research as an antidote to the static premises of laissez...

... as well as a private fortune in the booms of the 1920s and subsequent crash. Fisher’s high-profile use of his authority as a recognized academic expert to intervene in public discourse, both on subjects within his professional competence (e.g., price-level stabilization) and on unrelated subjects (e.g...

... counterpart, was about experiencing what Indians had learned about modernity at the imperial universities in India. And yet, when the Indian travelers went to Europe they observed modernity alongside poverty, something that modernity should have excluded. Travel and travel writing for imperial subjects like...

...Paul Oslington William Whewell (1794–1866) exerted a huge influence over nineteenth-century British intellectual life. This paper places Whewell’s writings on political economy within this context, emphasizing the theological basis of his interest in the subject, and his struggle with the problem...

... environment serve to inform individual subjects how to produce items and the payoffs earned by items moved into their homes. Unknown to the subjects, but discoverable through repeat trials and discussion (via a “chat” space), are the possibilities for wealth creation through production, specialization...

...Shin Kubo This article considers the question of how and why political economy was accepted at English universities early in the nineteenth century, focusing on George Pryme (1781-1868), the first professor of the subject at Cambridge. The central argument is that he relied heavily upon Dugald...

... of public finance as a distinct field within economics. This includes examination of the subject’s definition, its boundaries, and the types of analyses undertaken. Academic training, including courses and readings, at Columbia, Chicago, Harvard, and Wisconsin is compared. Correspondence may...

... in the earliest writings on the subject, notably by Plato. The evolution of the monetary system led to the emergence of metals as the dominant form of money owing to their well-known qualities of durability, homogeneity, divisibility, and the like. Yet, these physical qualities actually relate to market...

...Ludovic Frobert Since their appearance in the first third of the nineteenth century, the contributions of French utopian, romantic, or associationist socialists have been subjected to a three-pronged classical criticism. From Friedrich Engels to Friedrich Hayek to Joseph Schumpeter, these French...

... shows that the major authors on this issue in the second half of the century were all deeply influenced by Jansenist thinking on the subject. Correspondence may be addressed to Arnaud Orain, Institut d’Études Européennes, Université Paris 8, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; e...

...Luca Michelini; Terenzio Maccabelli The relationship between economics and anti-Semitism has always been a controversial subject. The question is complex by nature: to describe an author as an anti-Semite means to cast a shadow over his thought, with consequences that are much more serious when...

... teaching and their secular nature as people engaged in temporal affairs who order these according to the plan of God and live in the ordinary circumstances of family and social life—in our case, economists by profession—is a challenging subject for a historian of economic thought. Copyright 2008 by Duke...

... on these and other projects, gave profusely from his own income to support these causes, and wrote far more on Christian subjects than on economics. Yet, in a time when political economy and religion mixed rather easily, Thornton's Paper Credit appears to be not a work in moral philosophy or Smithian political...

...,” that is, maximizing an objective subject to constraints. The fate of Herskovits's ideas over the past seventy years is distinctive: rejection was followed by caricature, then outright misrepresentation, and finally near-oblivion. This essay is offered not as a vindication of the Herskovits program for economic...

... and of subject matter theory, issues that became prominent in econometrics only much later. Copyright 2011 by Duke University Press 2011 I am grateful to David Bartholomew and three anonymous referees for comments. References Aldrich J. 1992 . Probability and Depreciation: A History...