...Boris Samuel This article studies the inference procedures used to compute the macroeconomic indicators feeding into the International Monetary Fund’s monitoring and surveillance in Africa since the structural adjustment. In 2005, the IMF launched a procedure to denounce a Mauritanian “misreporting...

...Johanna Bockman In 1980 the World Bank extended its first structural adjustment loans. Scholars and activists have argued that structural adjustment policies, and the neoclassical economics that legitimates them, destroyed Keynesianism, developmentalism, and socialism. In contrast to the view...

... that structural adjustment programs were not the only determinant of policy shifts in developing countries. An epilogue reflects on the influence of behavioral economics and randomized control trials on the future of economic development. Correspondence may be addressed to John Toye, [email protected]...

... discourse, as well as for more flexible elements that adjusted the structure to new political and ideological challenges. Commodity Sui Generis : The Discourses of Soviet Political Economy of Socialism Oleg Ananyin and Denis Melnik The phenomenon of Soviet political economy of socialism is still a puzzle...

... redistribution and struc- tural reforms. Attempting to spur what the Bank took to be constructive change, programs of “structural adjustment lending” were initiated and performance con- ditions were attached to its loans. (“Conditionality” had formerly been...

... and Political Change . Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Greenaway , David , and Oliver Morrissey. 1993 . Structural Adjustments and Liberalization in Developing Countries: What Lessons Have We Learned? Kyklos 44 . 2 : 241 –61. Grindle , Merilee S. 1991 . The New Political Economy: Positive...

... (Oxford Degree) PMBD Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement PUC Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro RAE Research Assessment Exercise SAL Structural Adjustment Loan SBCA Social Benefit Cost Analysis SDR Special Drawing Rights SIECA...

...-and this is the second reservation-although a variation in the quantity of metal can indeed generate a nominal adjustment, other kinds of adjustments were explicitly imagined by Oresme. His analy- sis dealt as much with the value as with the structure of money.22This structure (gold, silver, or copper money...

... and coordinate external finance to se- lected countries. In addition, they were important in the preparation and discussion of structural adjustment loans which made up one-fourth of Bank lending in the 1980s. The scope of these reports was circumscribed by the areas selected for special attention...

... –34. Kay , C. 1993 . For a Renewal of Development Studies: Latin American Theories and Neoliberalism in the Era of Structural Adjustment. Third World Quarterly 14 . 4 : 691 –702. Klamer , A. 1990 . A Case of Mistaken Identities. In The Making of an Economist . Edited...

... had never been at the forefront of their thinking. They had focused instead on longer-term structural adjustments to alter the context for market behavior. In agriculture, their interest in shrinking supply by retiring acreages ill-suited to cropping persisted. The scale of that program...

... regions, thought to be induced by the IMF and World Bank s structural adjustment policies (Shahid 2008). Researchers and civil society were ever more convinced that those policies did not reduce poverty, as the IMF and World Bank had promised they would (e.g., Roy 1997; Felice 1997: 110 13). The 1995 542...

... quantity adjustments (e.g. that may temporarily alter the structure of capital) as “first-round effects.” See Friedman & Schwartz 1982, ch. 2, and Friedman & Meiselman 1963, 217-22. 2 10 History of Political Economy 20:2 (1988) Frank Knight’s grappling with the thorny issues and conceptual...

... effect 547 structures adjust to the underlying demand conditions and savings patterns of the community. It was this concern that made him wary of an economic theory that made it appear possible to push an economy into a perpetual state of He feared that instead of perpetual boom...

... through austerity packages as well as structural adjustment measures also reinforced the association between neoclassicism and income re- gressivity. The issue was not so much that structural adjustment was regressive; the dismantling of distortions offering special advantage...

... for structural adjustment. Second, Hirschman gave pride of place to processes of learning by doing, and he considered theoretical analyses of only limited efficacy. As he wrote in another passage devoted to the reconstruction strategies of the Italian economy, “Action implies the taking of certain risks...

...) . For Hicks, then, steady growth was simply a springboard to deeper questions of structural adjustment over time. It is to Deep Hicks that we now turn. Deep Hicks The older Hicks came to believe that there were deep questions about equilibrium and change which could not be treated except by a true...

... limited by Hicks’s and Goodwin’s ceiling. Designing and embedding a new mechanism of structural adjustment was required. Seen from the point of view of the classical business cycle program, this was the true innovation of neoclassical growth theory. It proved a relatively simple solution, which...

..., 153,155, 161-62,365,374-75 balancing, 3 18-19 Stockholm University, 149 Sekine, Tomohiko (Thomas), 130 Stone, Richard, 35 Selowsky, Marcelo, 3 10 Streeten, Paul, 325 Selume, Jorge, 3 10 Structural adjustment lending (SAL), Sen, Amartya, 90,91,230,326...

... uncertainty and enable the monetary authority to defeat specu- lators (Graham 1940, 21). Indeed, the factors underlined by Michael Bordo (1993, 83) as the main reasons for the demise of Bretton Woods—structural fl aws such as the gold exchange standard and the adjustable peg, the U.S. failure...