... possible by the market itself. Character could replace administrative interventions. Chalmers saw well-intentioned administration, especially with respect to the poor laws, as both crowding out inner motivations and creating a focus for the fermenting of dissent over the terms of “legal charity.” Better...

... by Einaudi and revived by Nicholas Kaldor in 1955. The present article is dedicated to examining the crucial aspects of the Italian debate on the double taxation of savings, which lasted from 1912 to 1942, with the aim, first, of highlighting its peculiarity and specificity with respect to the previous...

... satisfactorily resolving it. This article addresses the question by linking Marx’s omission to a larger set of revisions made to arguments he developed in earlier drafts of Capital . It identifies two distinct theoretical accounts of the phenomenon of surplus value in these drafts, based respectively on Marx’s...

...Craig Smith In his Life of Adam Smith , Dugald Stewart notes that Smith was “always disposed to ascribe to custom and fashion their full share in regulating the opinions of mankind with respect to beauty.” Indeed, Stewart refers to this as a “collateral” inquiry within The Theory of Moral...

...Francisco L. Lopes This paper tackles the puzzle of Ricardo's stubborn commitment to a labor theory of value that he himself saw as no more than an approximation to reality and which was heavily opposed by Malthus, his most respected contemporary. We show it is wrong to think that the theory...

... of macroeconomic increasing returns reveals the limitations of models that assume an aggregate production function exhibiting constant returns to scale while “augmented” by exogenous technical progress. His endogenously self-sustaining growth paradigm is also shown to differ in important respects (including in its...

... communities: The writing workshop of Quesnay (ca.1756–ca.1764) and the physiocratic school (ca.1764–ca.1777). This transformation is related to the specific places and cultural spaces in which the two communities evolved; that is, respectively, Versailles and the court, and Paris in the heyday...

.... Forster, and the man of letters Leonard Woolf. The group had little formal organization but cooperated in various ways and resembled in some respects a pioneering think tank. They rejoiced in intellectual and artistic radicalism. They had fans and critics in Britain and elsewhere. They collaborated...

... the first program in advanced mathematical and statistical economics at the more local level of Cambridge and Harvard. Wilson offered two courses to economists, mathematical economics and mathematical statistics, in which he respectively taught Gibbs’s thermodynamics systems and numerical mathematics...

... mandate. In the immediate aftermath of World War I, Sun proposed the creation of an “International Development Organization” that could channel foreign capital to China in a manner that better respected the will of the Chinese people than private financiers had done. He also advanced arguments about why...

... analysis, respectively. Tinbergen, Chenery, and Adelman shared a common inductive methodology, which might rightly be called “measurement without theory,” in the sense that there was no economic theory that could help them in organizing the available messy and often unreliable data. Chenery saw a role...

... normative status of econometric models. The PAS Study Week is interesting in two respects: while (and because) econometrics is acknowledged as a “scientific approach of economic phenomena”, the PAS invited the community of econometricians to revisit the role and contribution of economics to social justice...

... scientists does not so much reside in the absence of images in economics—some diagrams in economics are maps—as in their declining role in postwar economic modeling. In that respect, the story of Boulding, his lack of influence on economics and his increased recognition among other social sciences testify...

... between Germanophone and Anglophone political economy. This comparison shows that Schröder was deeply engaged with English economic thought, particularly in the milieu of his fellow members of the Royal Society. In many respects, he shared their attitudes. However, due to the way he situated happiness...

... British men, money, know-how, and equipment to the mines. They drew on the work of political economists to help establish the credibility of their observations and accounts, particularly with respect to the relationship between the lack of the division of labor and population in La Plata and Chile...

...Ross B. Emmett The social sciences at the University of Chicago are renowned for their leadership in the development of empirical investigation in their respective disciplines. The postwar Chicago school of economics is only the best known of the efforts at that university to entrench specialized...

...Marcel Boumans; Ariane Dupont-Kieffer Econometricians have from the start considered historical knowledge of their own discipline as reflexive knowledge useful for delineating their discipline, that is, for setting its disciplinary boundaries with respect to its aims, its methods, and its...

... emphasize developments in biology and psychology, for these are less familiar to historians of econometrics. These developments are interesting to contemplate, for the biometricians and psychometricians were already discussing issues associated with the respective roles of statistical analysis...

...Craufurd Goodwin Walter Lippmann was the most respected American journalist of the twentieth century. During the Great Depression and World War II he devoted most of his thrice-weekly columns in the New York Herald Tribune to exploring the causes of recession and the economics of war. He...

...—managerial and market capitalism, respectively—which arose from differing conceptions of how a modern, industrialized economy functioned, and which evolved with the shifting vocational opportunities presented by recurring crisis. Different visions of the state's role in economic life, in turn, implied...