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prudential restraint
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Journal Article
History of Political Economy (2025) 57 (1): 79–106.
Published: 01 February 2025
... Copyright 2025 by Duke University Press 2025 T. Robert Malthus prudential restraint Essay on the Principle of Population population growth property rights rule of law marriage market economy But, though the laws of nature which determine the rate at which population would increase...
FIGURES
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (2019) 51 (4): 731–751.
Published: 01 August 2019
...John Pullen A well-known and fundamental element in the population theory of Thomas Robert Malthus is the concept of prudential or moral restraint. A less well-known but just as fundamental element is the “desire of bettering our condition,” also described by Malthus as the “ vis medicatrix...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1978) 10 (2): 271–285.
Published: 01 June 1978
... to be an early attachment to one woman.” And conversely, Malthus 1970,
p. 76: “These [prudential] considerations are calculated to prevent, and certainly do
prevent, a very great number in all civilized nations from pursuing the dictate of nature
in an early attachment to one woman. And this restraint...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1986) 18 (2): 187–235.
Published: 01 June 1986
... to the path of per capita wages, Malthus’s technical
case that, in .the presence of land scarcity, the practice of ‘prudential’
restraint by labour is the sine qua non for progress towards the stationary
state at a constant, or rising, ‘corn’ wage-that only in the absence of
prudential restraint...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1981) 13 (1): 39–54.
Published: 01 March 1981
... is part of the growth of mind, and be-
cause he did not wish incorrect economic policies to halt population
short of its “full complement8
The policy of prudential restraint also at first glance does not ap-
pear to fit logically into his theory of population. If the exercise of pru...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1993) 25 (3): 558–561.
Published: 01 September 1993
... religions to pro-
vide the optimum moral instruction, Malthus’s doctrine of prudential restraint was
incompatible with the Christian moral doctrine, since it encouraged early mar-
riage (194). Malthus argued that the communal systems encouraged by the church
would eventually break down because...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1984) 16 (4): 591–608.
Published: 01 November 1984
... that
it would be a difficult task to make the common people comprehend the
principle of population and its effectsOa view consistent with his con-
temporary emphasis upon prudential restraint. ]
Even among the elite, however, it was Malthus’ view that its upper
Political Economy 16, no. 1 (1984...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1999) 31 (3): 593–597.
Published: 01 September 1999
... be increased prudential restraint upon population growth,
with positive effects on per capita income. Indeed, growing prudence may be seen
as a feedback effect of rising wages, with consumers developing a preference for
luxury consumption over large family size. This trend could be reinforced by a sec...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1977) 9 (3): 412–441.
Published: 01 September 1977
..., namely
the strength of the reasoning faculty combined with a degree of self-
command . . . and sensibility to prudential considerati~nsSince
disposition depends on the reasoning ability of a person, it is naturally
improved by education and experience. This force for restraint...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1991) 23 (1): 93–94.
Published: 01 March 1991
...
Cormac 0 Grada
Malthus’s well-known concessions to “moral restraint” in the second
edition of the Essay on Population are usually put down to the stimulus
of William Godwin and to the Scandinavian trip of 1799 (e.g., Petersen
1979,48-50). The possible influence on his thinking of William...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (2010) 42 (4): 723–746.
Published: 01 November 2010
... sizes would
be one way to raise wages in the future. The existing composition of wages
tended to loosen “prudential restraints” (67). It also provided refuge from
relation with the master and so put the worker under less obligation. As a
result the worker was more reckless and the master “loses...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1985) 17 (4): 507–521.
Published: 01 November 1985
...’ population could not, contra Malthus, be ex-
pected or relied on to limit their own numbers in a ‘prudential’ fashion. In
such circumstances it made good sense to institute a poor relief system
that would give landowners a selfish motive for imposing restraints on
population in their own...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (2016) 48 (1): 65–110.
Published: 01 March 2016
... of the population depend not
only on restraining (by prudential restraint) the number of births but also
on reducing the number of deaths; and he was showing that he was as
much concerned with rates of mortality as with rates of natality. He added,
“It is astonishing how many express a horror of my book who...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1976) 8 (2): 235–251.
Published: 01 June 1976
... Economists, Ricardo believed that in the absence of deliber-
ate restraint, the number of labourers would increase so as eventually to bring wages
to subsistence level, and in his analysis of the effects of different kinds of taxes and
bounties he tended to assume that this actually...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1977) 9 (3): 384–411.
Published: 01 September 1977
... in the future is calculable. If you have an
organization of society in which men can make some reasonable
forecast of the future, and are mentally able to make such a
forecast, the forces of prudential restraint are active.
So that in the end we come to a position intermediate between...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1998) 30 (2): 293–334.
Published: 01 June 1998
... and work
force; the physical constraints set by land scarcity under private prop-
erty, and the psychological constraints set by both “love of indolence”
(ibid., 14) and “prudential restraint” (ibid., 23). But it is “in Malthus’s
Principles that we find most fully developed the idea...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1990) 22 (2): 239–259.
Published: 01 June 1990
... into the work of later classical writers down to Mill.
Malthus, for example, accepted Smith’s social-control argument for
state-supported education and added the prudential check-to-popula-
Bowman - Human capital formation 247
tion argument (Malthus 1951, 210-15). He followed...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1989) 21 (3): 521–536.
Published: 01 September 1989
.... In Letter
XI11 of his Defence of usury (addressed to Smith and significantly entitled
‘On the Discouragement imposed by the above restraints to the progress
of inventive industry’) he appeals to Smith’s belief in a free economic
mechanism and argues against Smith’s position: “I shall begin...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (1993) 25 (suppl_1): 5–44.
Published: 01 January 1993
...
world, unlike the human world of agriculture, “there can be no artificial
increase in food.” Nor in the plant and animal world is there exercised
that “prudential restraint from marriage” which Malthus found to exert
a moral rein on human population growth (Darwin 1964, ch. 10, 63
10...
Journal Article
History of Political Economy (2016) 48 (suppl_1): 16–43.
Published: 01 December 2016
... addressed towards the
ceiling,” is checking “the housekeeping expenditure.”
Manuals warned women to exert restraint in expenditures, for which
purpose the regular keeping of accounts was an important check and anti-
dote. Keeping the books served purposes of “efficiency” or “economiz-
ing” (both...
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