...H. Spencer Banzhaf Economists have tried to incorporate the environment into the economic calculus by incorporating shadow values of environmental improvements into benefit-cost analysis and by designing policies to price pollution. Environmental economists tend to present these practices...

... real-world phenomena that required addressing via “Pigovian” policy instruments. It was only in the late 1950s and 1960s, with the growing social and political concern about large-scale pollution, that externality analysis came to capture the attention of economists, but even this early work...

... perplexed and polarized econo- mists, it is the failure of economics to come to grips with present and po- tential pollution and environmental disruption attributable to runaway, un- monitored economic development. K. William Kapp accuses economic theory of irrelevance: “[It] has been made...

... to segments of society that are economically much broader, and estheti- cally much less gifted, than populated Soh0 or the Left Bank in the last century at comparable standards of living. (6) Consider next two externalities of American affluence, namely, pollution and automation. Under the first...

...) the “polluter” gets $0, and the victim gets $10 and does not have to taste the liquid; (2) the “polluter” gets $20, and the victim gets $10 and does have to taste the liquid. The latter outcome, where the victim is exposed to the externality is, of course, the efficient one. Out of forty experiments...

... of motherhood; excessive smoke concentra- tions; noise pollution; unhealthy construction work; retardation of scien- tific progress because of patents; advertisement; and premature resource depletion. In a footnote to this closing section on social costs, Kapp (1936, 42) anticipates his future research...

... ): 440 --47. Coase , Ronald H. 1970a . Discussion. In Legal and Economic Aspects of Pollution. Chicago: University of Chicago Center for Policy Study. Coase , Ronald H. 1970b . Social Cost and Public Policy. In Exploring the Frontiers of Administration: Six Essays for Managers...

... of the Contingent Valuation Method Harro Maas On March 5, 2020, Food Safety News reported that an infamous nitrate and phosphorus pollution litigation case was finally going to get an end- ing. In 2005, the attorney general of Oklahoma, Drew Edmondson, had filed a lawsuit, State of Oklahoma v. Tyson Foods, Inc...

... . “Environmental Pollution: Economics and Policy.” American Economic Review 61 : 153 – 66 . Ledyard J. O. 2008 . “Market Failure.” In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , edited by Durlauf Steven N. Blume Lawrence E. , 2nd ed. London : Palgrave Macmillan . doi:10.1057...

... Kapp’s Social Costs of Private Enterprise (1950) introduces the consideration of the problems of air and water pollution, but in the context of a broad notion of social cost that explicitly relates back to the work of Veblen and Clark.2 Despite the length and breadth of the institutionalist...

...- petitors in utopian wares’’ (p. 197), for contemporary “anti-industrial enthusiasts’’ with their “hysterical” campaigns against economic growth and pollution (pp. 15 1-52), for Keynesians, “left-liberals,” the welfare state, etc. There is a great deal more in this vein-so much, indeed...

... at the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC). Banzhaf’s primary £eld of study is environmental policy analysis, especially related to the urban environment (such as sprawl and land use) and to issues related to energy and air pollution (including effects on ecosystems as well as urban...

.... The central purpose of the scientific discipline of abstraction and analysis was the pursuit of truth—understood in “definitional” rather than “empirical” terms. “Good” theories were like “good” definitions; if the elements that polluted analysis were successfully stripped away...

... with present and po- tential pollution and environmental disruption attributable to runaway, un- monitored economic development. K. William Kapp accuses economic theory of irrelevance: “[It] has been made increasingly more abstract and fot-ma1 at the price of a loss of relevance...

..., with the idea that the Earth's capacity to absorb waste, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions is limited. Albritton Jonsson and Wennerlind conclude their exploration by claiming that, in the twenty-first century, it is time for Finitarian conceptions of scarcity to regain traction, in lieu...

... Index 285 “Protection and the Working Pollution, 14–15, 90 Classes,” 42–43, 45 Polycentric political systems, 221 Protective and Preferential Poor, environmentalism of the, 237 Import Duties, 43, 46 Poor Laws, 43–44, 44n, 47...

... in the 1960 article are the market (with initial allocation of the right to the pollutee or the polluter), the firm, direct regulation, tax, and doing nothing at all. Rather than the Pigovian comparison between different products of the same arrangement, Coase explains that it is “preferable to use...

...- Book reviews 849 ety’s ethical norms” (p. 224), for neo-Malthusians and socialists, “two com- petitors in utopian wares’’ (p. 197), for contemporary “anti-industrial enthusiasts’’ with their “hysterical” campaigns against economic growth and pollution (pp. 15 1-52), for Keynesians...

... 35 ( 4 ): 666 – 80 . Buchanan James M. 1968b . “ A Behavioral Theory of Pollution .” Economic Inquiry 6 ( 5 ): 347 – 58 . Buchanan James M. 1969a . “ Violence, Law and Equilibrium in the University .” Mimeo , BP . Buchanan James M. 1969b . “ The Role...

..., 317 data access, 195 97, 199 and the EPA, 310 data mining, 187 Exxon Valdez oil spill, 294, history of, 176 77 machine learning, 182 83, 186, 317 18 guidelines, 310 11, 313, 316 19 188, 193, 196 history of, 295 96 modeling, 182 83, 186, 199 Illinois River pollution, 294 natural-social sciences...