...Edward Tower; John Gilbert A Golden Jubilee Note on Graaff’s Optimum Tariff Structures Edward Tower and John Gilbert The year 1999 marked the golden jubilee of the publication of Jan de V. Graaff’s (1949) influential analysis of the optimum tariff, so it seems reasonable to appropriate...

.... Cesarano, Filippo. 1997 . Currency Areas and Equilibrium. Open Economies Review 8 : 51 -59. ____. 2003 . Keynes's Revindication of Classical Monetary Theory. HOPE 35.3 : 491 -519. Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Andrew K. Rose. 1998 . The Endogeneity of the Optimum Currency Area Criteria...

... Production II—Tax Rules. American Economic Review 61 : 261 -78. Dixit, Avinash K. 1970 . On the Optimum Structure of Commodity Taxes. American Economic Review 60 : 229 -34. Dooley, Peter C. 1983 . Slutsky's Equation Is Pareto's Solution. HOPE 15.4 : 513 -17. Hurwicz, Leonid. 1971...

...Pascal Bridel Review Essay Much More Than a Mere Optimum: On the Variorum Edition of Vilfredo Pareto s Manual of Political Economy Pascal Bridel Manual of Political Economy: A Critical and Variorum Edition. By Vilfredo Pareto, edited by Aldo Montesano, Alberto Zanni, Luigino Bruni, John S. Chipman...

... optimum .” Giornale dell’Istituto Italiano degli Attuari 8 , no. 3 : 48 – 67 . De Finetti Bruno . 1937b . “ Problemi di “optimum” vincolato .” Giornale dell’Istituto Italiano degli Attuari 8 , no. 4 : 112 – 26 . De Finetti Bruno . 1943 . “ La crisi dei principi e l’economia...

... on ethical and power considerations. Although the Pareto optimum concept appears in the Treatise, there also exists cost-benefit analysis of the Pigovian type, and at all times it is subsumed under the forces of psychology, knowledge, and power. Samuels shows that the Pareto optimum rule can...

... to respond. My paper, “On Optimum Tariff Structures” (Graaff 1949), had two principal aims. The first was to show that the terms-of-trade case for tar- iffs could be argued without recourse to community indifference curves and without having to define the phrase itself. This was desirable be- cause...

.... 3. See Lowry 1987, chap. 3, for an in-depth analysis of Xenophon’s ideas. Kautilya on Incentives and Effort / Sihag 265 It may be noted that Kautilya recognized the principal-agent problem and suggested various mechanisms to induce agents to supply optimum...

... Stability . New York : Fordham University Press . ———. 1969 . The Optimum Quantity of Money, and Other Essays . Chicago : Aldine . Friedman Milton Schwartz Anna Jacobson . 1963 . A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 . Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press...

... this diagrammatic presentation and the mathematical model on which it was based (1954) as an alternative to 6. “The optimum of all the Pareto optima.” 7. On Charles Tiebout’s mostly unsuccessful attempt to engage Samuelson on the potential for small communities to overcome the free rider problem, see...

... in their book the optimum rate of development, while the literature analyzed here would refer to this as optimum growth rate, which testifies to the unsettled nature of the vocabulary and concepts. Almost a decade earlier, Trygve Haavelmo (1954) would present models of economic growth in his book...

... in Multisector Models of Optimum Growth When Future Utilities Are Discounted.” International Economic Review 14 ( 3 ): 535 – 59 . Brock W. A. Mirman L. J. . 1973 . “Optimal Economic Growth and Uncertainty: The No Discounting Case.” International Economic Review 14 ( 3 s): 560 – 73...

.... . . . This scale of operations is, under the given circumstances, the “optimum” towards which the firm must al- ways, economically speaking, gravitate; and as it lies at the point of transition from “increasing” to “diminishing returns” (relative to the scale of production), the firm...

... ∂Z∗ π p∗ i = j = n, i i ∂p∗ 0 1 i=1 j ∗ or, if we choose commodity units so that, in an optimum, pi = 1, i = 1n, and adopt the matrix notation π ≡ (π1n) and ∗ ∗ ∗ Z ≡ (∂Zi /∂pj...

...-208; Om utvandringen: dess betydelse och orsaker (About emigration: its importance and causes) (Stockholm, 1882); “Sveriges utvandringsfdga” (Sweden’s emigration problem), in Emigrationsutred- ningen (Stockholm, 1910), pp. 99-131; “Das Optimum der Bevolkerung,” Die Neue Generation 10...

... exploitation of the labor force may lead to a degradation in the stock of human capital; (iii) how the benefits to the capitalist class of imposing some collective restraint on their use of labor provided an incentive for reform legislation; and (iv) what considerations enter into the optimum degree...

..., there is no presumption whatever that the equi- librium output will be anywhere near the optimum output. The es- sence of the above process is that the real income of the community has to be forced down to a level at which the rate of saving is not so excessive relatively to investment at the current rate...

... firms’ scale of operations] might possibly achieve,” depending on innovations that would occur (Porter 1980, 162–63). “Poten- tial” implies not just an optimum, but optima, which is consistent with Jacobsen / Robinson, Robertson, and Industrial Organization  65 Robinson’s Competitive...

... science. According to this view, given a body of fac­ tual and institutional premises and value limitations, the economist can prescribe, in a microeconomic mode, a program for rationally achiev­ ing optimum efficiency for any given end. In this mode the economist claims the same...

... to the attainment of the optimum. When econo- mists €nally did begin to take up the subject of externalities in a serious way, in the 1950s, the very real externality phenomena pollution, and so forth that had concerned Pigou were not in evidence. Instead, the analy- sis was targeted at identifying how and why...